1. Cooperation Projects for urban crime prevention should take account of the principles set out below.

2. Urban crime is characterized by a multiplicity of factors and forms. A multi-agency approach and a coordinated response at the local level, in accordance with an integrated crime prevention action plan, will often be helpful. This should involve:

(a) A local diagnostic survey of crime phenomena, their characteristics, factors leading to them, the form they take and their extent;

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(b)The identification of all the relevant actors that could take part in compiling the above-mentioned diagnostic survey in crime prevention as well as in the fight against crime for example, public institutions (national or local), local elected official s, the private sector (associations, enterprises), the voluntary sector, community representatives etc.;

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(c) The establishment, wherever appropriate, of consultation mechanisms promoting closer liaison, the exchange of information, joint work and the design of a coherent strategy;

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(d) The elaboration of possible solutions to these problems in the local context.

The authors of an integrated crime prevention action plan, in order for it to be comprehensive and efficient should:

(a) Define:

(i) The nature and types of crime problems to be tackled, such as theft, robbery, burglary, racial attacks, drug related crimes, juvenile delinquency and illegal possession of firearms, taking into account all the factors that may directly or indirectly cause such problems or contribute to them;

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(ii) The objectives being pursued and the time by which they should be attained;

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(iii) The action envisaged and the respective responsibilities of those involved vis-a-vis the implementation of the plan (for example, whether local or national resources are to be mobilized);

(b) Consider involving a range of actors representing in particular:

(i) Social workers, education, housing and health workers, in addition to the police, the courts, public prosecutors and probation services etc.;

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(ii) The community: elected officials, associations, volunteers, parents, victims' organizations etc.;

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(iii) The economic sector: enterprises, banks, business, public transport etc.;

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(iv) The media;

(c) Consider the relevance to the crime prevention action plan of such factors as:

(i) Relationships in the family, between generations or between social groups, etc.;

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(ii) Education, religious, moral and civic values, culture, etc.;

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(iii) Employment, training, measures for combating unemployment and poverty;

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(iv) Housing and urbanism;

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(v) Health, drug and alcohol abuse;

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(vi) Government and community welfare aid for the least fortunate members of society;

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(vii) Combating the culture of violence and intolerance;

(d) Consider providing for action at various levels:
(i) Primary prevention:

a. By promoting situational criminal prevention measures, such as target hardening and opportunity reduction;

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b. By promoting welfare and health development and progress and by combating all forms of social deprivation;
c. By promoting communal values and respect for fundamental human rights;

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d. By promoting civic responsibility and social mediation procedures

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e. By facilitating the adaptation of the working methods of the police and the courts;

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(ii) Prevention of recidivism:

a. By facilitating the adaptation of methods of police intervention (rapid response, intervention within the local community etc.);

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b. By facilitating the adaptation of methods of judicial intervention and implementation of alternative remedies:

i. Diversification of methods of treatment and of measures taken according to the nature and seriousness of the cases (diversionary schemes, mediation, a special system for minors etc.);

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ii. Systematic research on the reintegration of offenders involved in urban crime through the implementation of non-custodial measures;

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iii. Socio-educational support within the framework of sentence, in prison and as preparation for release from prison;

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c. By giving an active role to the community in rehabilitation of offenders;

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(iii) After the sentence has been served: aid and socio-educational support, family support etc.;

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(iv) Protection of victims by practical improvements in their treatment by means of the following:
a. Raising awareness of rights and how to exercise them effectively;

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b. Reinforcing rights (in particular the right to compensation);

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c. Introducing systems of victim assistance.

B. Implementation of the action plan

1. Central Authorities

4. The central authorities, to the extent consistent with their competence, should:

(a) Provide active support, assistance and encouragement to local actors;

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(b) Coordinate national policy and strategies with local strategies and needs;

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(c) Organize consultation and cooperation mechanisms between the various administrations concerned at the central level;

5. Competent authorities should:

(a) Be constantly mindful of respect for the fundamental principles of human rights in promoting these activities;

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(b) Encourage and/or implement appropriate training and information to support all professionals involved in crime prevention;

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(c) Compare experiences and organize exchanges of know-how;

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(d) Provide means of evaluating regularly the effectiveness of the strategy implemented and provide the possibility of revising it.