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U@U@MSysDb2@333'''''''% @U@U@Relationships.........., KKDTitleAuthor( webtocid CICPKKDMSysDb### ?VC0N  00                country_codecountrygroup_aname_agroup_bname_bexistence_of_a_legislationlegal_provisionsremarks_and_notes  PrimaryKeyE{qg]<Zj"D@$B dLVAL ?l;g91: Memorandum of Understanding with Russian Interior Ministry on Police Coopration (1997) 2: Memorandum of Understanding with Russian FSB on Police Cooperation (renewed annually)Section 166a of the Code of Criminal ProcedureVarious drug, organized crime, and money-laundering provisionsSection 54 of the "Sicherheitspolizeigesetz" (see above)Section 23 of the "Sicherheitspolizeigesetz," a law dealing with police powers and competencesSections 149a-h of the Code of Criminal Procedure1: Sections 20a-c of the Penal Code 2: Section 144a 3: Section 445Joint Communique of the Presidents of the MERCOSUR countries and of MERCOSUR associates Bolivia and Chile, at the Thirteenth Meeting of the Council of the Common Market, Montevideo, 15 December 1997, addressed in particular to the Meeting of Ministers of Justice of MERCOSURSpecial Triple Frontier Working Unit (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)1: Law 23.933, Agreement with Bolivia (signed 13 December 1989) 2: Law 23.944, Agreement with Paraguay (in force since 29 September 1992) 3: Law 24.165, Agreement with Chile (in force since 3 October 1994) 4: Law 24.505, Cooperation agreement with Brazil (in force since 21 July 1995) 5: Law 24.767 on International Cooperation in Criminal Matters (passed 16 January 1997) 6: Agreement on the communication of criminal records and information on drug trafficking convictions (in force since 27 May 1987; Argentine Law 23.444) 7: Model regulations concerning laundering offences connected to illicit drug trafficking and related offences 8: Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Production of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other related MaterialsDecree 262/98 (Law 23.737; 18 March 1998)1: Articles 25 and 26 of Law 23.737 on Narcotic Drugs (11 October 1989) 2: Decree 1849/90 (24 September 1990) 3: General Resolution 310/98 of the National Securities Commission (17 June 1989)LVALSix months to five years for the basic offence of criminal organization, plus more imprisonment and fines for aggravating circumstances and collateral offences.1-4: On the prevention of the unlawful use and suppression of the illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. 5:In 1998, the MERCOSUR technical meetings of justice ministers began identifying the different legislative texts in force in the countries with a view to their harmonization. Agreement was reached regarding the implementation of a "security plan," structured around the following topics: a) criminal matters, b) customs matters, c) financial and banking matters, d) migration matters. Progress has been made on a large number of areas, in particular concerning procedures for the prosecution of offenders who flee across the border and in connection with the recovery and return of motor vehicles. 6: Adopted by the Sixth Conference of Ministers of Justice of the Hispano-Luso-American countries and the Philippines, held in Lisbon on 12 October 1984. 7: Adopted by the General Assembly of the Organization of American States in May 1992. 8: Signed in Washington, D.C., on 14 November 1997, by Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. (As yet unratified.)The decree established the office for the Protection of Witnesses and Persons Awaiting Trial within the Department of Justice.1: These articles deal with the laundering of the proceeds of drug trafficking offences. 2: This establishes a Joint Monitoring Commission to control transactions involving the laundering of proceeds of drug trafficking, its operations base being located at the premises of the Argentine Central Bank. 3: For the prevention of the laundering of proceeds of unlawful activities.JE *v"t <AUSAustriaProcedural ProvisionsWitness protectionYes.@ @$QE96$ 2AUSAustriaProcedural ProvisionsImmunityYes, indirectly>@ GG;,$ (AUSAustriaProcedural ProvisionsUndercover informationYes8@ II=:$ AUSAustriaProcedural ProvisionsControlled deliveriesYes^@ HH<9$ AUSAustriaProcedural ProvisionsElectronic surveillanceYes1@ @$VJ>;$ AUSAustriaProcedural ProvisionsSearch and SeizureYesSection 26 of the Penal Codeaa96$ d2AUSAustriaSubstantial ProvisionsSentencingYesSection 278a of the Penal Code@!h\2/% d(AUSAustriaSubstantial ProvisionsMoney-LaunderingYesSection 165 of the Penal Code!@$ma85% dAUSAustriaSubstantial ProvisionsConfiscation and Provisional MeasuresYesD@ @#eYMJ% dAUSAustriaSubstantial ProvisionsParticipation in a Criminal OrganizationYesSection 278a of the Penal Code)@#zPM% d AUSAustriaSubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeYesSection 278a of the Penal CodeZ@#ma74% ,FARGArgentinaOther ProvisionsGeneral statements and observations on Organized Crime made by the Government@ O@#znn! ,<ARGArgentinaOther ProvisionsSpecific Governmental Institutions and Administrative Structures recently createdB@ ~~rr! FARGArgentinaProcedural ProvisionsInternational cooperation in criminal matters (extradition, mutual assistance, transfer of proceedings, transfer of prisoners) pursuant to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements or on the basis of national legislation@ T@!% & <ARGArgentinaProcedural ProvisionsWitness protectionYes)@ ~@!SG;8& d(ARGArgentinaSubstantial ProvisionsMoney-LaunderingYes@ {@!RF:7'LVALW.1: This provisions call for the confiscation of illicit profits, or profits gained from connections with criminal organizations. Properties at the disposal of a criminal organization are forfeited. 2: A provisional injunction may be ordered, leading to measures such as the freezing of assets. 3: This discusses an independent application for provisional measures, arising out of special circumstances.It is illegal to a) establish or belong to a criminal organization of a considerable number of persons, intended to last a long period of time (similar to an enterprise), and b) acquire property items of a criminal organization, hold them in custody, invest, administer, convert, or transfer them.A "criminal organisation" is an association that: 1) is oriented, even if not exclusively, toward the repeated and planned commission of grave offences against life and limb, freedom, or property, or of grave offences relating to the sexual exploitation of human beings, smuggling of aliens, illegal trafficking in military weapons, nuclear and radioactive material, dangerous waste, counterfeit money or drugs, 2) aims at profts on a high scale or at considerable influence on politics or the economy, or 3) undertakes to corrupt or intimidate others, or to screen itself against prosecution measures."The Presidents have decided that the Ministers of Justice or equivalent Secretaries of State shall endeavor to accelerate the process of harmonization of the laws of the MERCOSUR member countries and associated States in all areas concerned with combating organized crime (drug trafficking, arms smuggling, traffic in chemical precursors, terrorism, money-laundering and other related offences), and that the Ministers of the Interior or equivalent Secretaries of State shall intensify coordination efforts aimed at the prevention and suppression of such manifestations of organized crime."LVAL/s.When two or more persons agree to do, or cause to be done, an illegal act, such an agreement is designated a criminal conspiracy.The laws do provide for a mechanism to charge parties to a crime by enacting laws governing the jurisdiction of the Brunei courts, creating an offence of abetment of a criminal offence as well as punishing parties to a criminal conspiracy.Credit and financial institutions are subject toa requirement to preserve bank secrecy, except when there is suspicion of money laundering. If the suspicion is reasonable and cannot be disproven after the initial examination, the institution must suspend the transaction and report the circumstances of the transaction to the Reporting unit.The victim is entitled to institute civil proceedings aginst the offender aiming at restitution or compensation for material or immaterial harm suffered. The compensation (or restitution) claims of the victim may be dealt with by the criminal court as part of its judgment.This provides for witness anonymity. The Interior Ministry is also examining a witness protection program, and a special national unit will be created to deal with this.This provides the legal base for interception, recording and transcription of telecommunication, as well as bugging operations. There is no electronic house arrest in Austria."Whoever conceals property items that derive from the crime of another person, or disguises the origin thereof, particularly by giving in legal relations false information regarding the origin of those property items, their ownership, the right to dispose of them, their transfer and location, shall be liable to imprisonment." The penalty is greater for engaging in money laundering as a a member of a gang or for crimes involving large sums of money. There is immunity for someone who informs the authorities of a money laundering operation. ^2q?C <BRUBrunei DarussalamProcedural ProvisionsWitness protectionNo, but certain procedures available@&pdd@. 2BRUBrunei DarussalamProcedural ProvisionsImmunityNo@&D886. (BRUBrunei DarussalamProcedural ProvisionsUndercover informationNoD@&RFFD. BRUBrunei DarussalamProcedural ProvisionsControlled deliveriesNoEEEC. BRUBrunei DarussalamProcedural ProvisionsElectronic surveillanceNo, but de facto legalChapter V of the Evidence Act@&[E. BRUBrunei DarussalamProcedural ProvisionsSearch and SeizureYes, but not specifically addressing organized crime1@'@&t@. d2BRUBrunei DarussalamSubstantial ProvisionsSentencingYes Penal Code9@&^R<9/ d(BRUBrunei DarussalamSubstantial ProvisionsMoney-LaunderingNo@&MAA?/ dBRUBrunei DarussalamSubstantial ProvisionsConfiscation and Provisional MeasuresYesCriminal Procedures Code\@&{WT/ dBRUBrunei DarussalamSubstantial ProvisionsParticipation in a Criminal OrganizationYesSection 120 of the Penal Code@$ZW/ d BRUBrunei DarussalamSubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeNo@$L@@>/ ,AUSAustriaOther ProvisionsReporting of Suspicious TransactionsYes, see Bank Secrecy (above)```C ,AUSAustriaOther ProvisionsBank secrecyYesArticle 38 of the Banking ActV@$cW.+ , AUSAustriaOther ProvisionsVictim compensationYes@$A552 FAUSAustriaProcedural ProvisionsInternational cooperation in criminal matters (extradition, mutual assistance, transfer of proceedings, transfer of prisoners) pursuant to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements or on the basis of national legislationYes@  $LVAL -o+%*v"t <AUSAustriaProcedural ProvisionsWitness protectionYesBanks and financial institutions are not legally obligated to report suspicious transaction to Law Enforcement Agencies.A bank officer shall not in any legal proceedings to which the bank is not a party, be compellable to produce any banker's books [financial records of any kind], unless by order of a judge made for special cause.There is no wintess protection legislation as such, but sources of sensitive information and victims of sexual offences are afforded confidentiality.Immunity is not provided except upon the order of the court or in some cases through the plea bargaining process (with the consent of the Public Prosecutor).Undercover operations are conducted on major and serious cases only.In past cases, video and tape recordings have been ruled admissible evidence. Evidence obtained through electronic surveillance are not widely used as direct evidence is usually sufficient.Relevant laws and regulations provide the police with the power of searching and seizing items connected with a criminal case. Such a power may be exercised by senior officers who may authorize any police personnel to conduct search (according to the Common Gaming House Act, authorization is required), or in some cases the police are empowered to conduct a search and seize stolen items under the Criminal Procedures Code.Drug trafficking offences are punishable with a minimum of 1 year imprisonment and 1 stroke of whipping and up to a maximum of 30 years and 15 strokes. A death sentence is imposed for those found trafficking in more than the set limit for each kind of drug (eg., 30g of cocaine, 50g of cannabis, 1200g of opium).Money deposited in banks remains the property of the account holder and there is no provision of law for these to be frozen, even if they are suspect.Proceeds of crime and items seized as exhibits are confiscated upon the order of the courts.LVALu<OYq>$Directorate of Public Security and Information (Direccion de Seguridad Publica e Informaciones)Article 10 of Decree Law 1.094 (1975)1: Article 1, Paragraphs 2-3 of Decree-with-Force-of-Law 707 2: Article 16, Paragraph 3 (d) of Law 19.3661: Code of Criminal Procedure 2: Civil Code1: ffective cooperation under Law 19.366. 2: Law 18.314 (Terrorism)1: The Penal Code 2: Law 19.366 on Drug Trafficking 3: Law 17.798 on Arms Control1: Article 12 of Law 19.366 (Drugs) 2: Article 191: Article 19, Paragraph 7 (g) of the Constitution 2: Criminal Code 3: Code of Criminal Procedure 4: Law 19.366 (Drugs) 5: Law 17.798 (Arms Control)1: The Penal Code and Federal Law Against Organized Delinquency of 1996 2: Law 18314, on Terrorism 3: Law 19366 of 1995, on Illicit Drug and Psychotropic Substances Trafficking 4: Law 17798, on Arms ControlDisclosure of income tax information. 462.48 (1).1: 738 and 739 to 741.2 2: 689 3: 807Extradition Act. R.S.C., 1985, c. E-23. Amended by: 1985, c. 19, a./s. 187, 206 1992, ch. 13. L.R. / R.S., ch. 27 (first suppl.), a./s. 187, 203Articles 184.1 to 187. Of particular interest for organized crime are the following articles: 185.(1.1),186.(1.1),186.1Search, Seizure and Detention of Proceeds of Crime, 462.32 (1)1: 467.1 (2) 2: 462.31 (2) 3: 82.(2) 4: 718 to 718.3 5: 462.21: Forfeiture of Proceeds of Crime 462.37 (1), (2), (3) and (4) See also 462.38 (1) and (2) 2: See also Articles 490.1 (1) and following untill par. (9).1: Criminal Code, 2. 2: Article 465.(1)1: The Society Act 2: The Public Order ActSection 6 of the Bankers Books (Evidence Act, Chapter 107Section 382 of the Criminal Procedure Code1: Extradition Act 2: Extradition Order of 1984Criminal Procedures Code, Common Gaming House ActLVALq1: These articles adress restitution. 2: This article adresses restitution of forfeiture of property 3: This article defines the level of the penalities for joint offenders.1: The Minister of Homa Affairs can declare a society unlawful if he considers it to be essential in the public interest and if in his opinion the society is used for intimidation, extortion or other unlawful purpose incompatible with the peace, good order or welfare. 2: It is an offence for members of any association to be employed in usurping the functions of any security force or to use or display physical force in promoting a political or other project. It is also an offence for a person not a member of an official security force exempted by the Minister of Home affairs, to be present at any meeting for the purpose of training in the use of arms or practicing military exercises.Information relating to wanted persons is shared with the immigration authority.The court has discretion to order the convicted person to pay the prosecution costs as well as payment for the victim's injury to person, character or property by the offence for which the sentence is passed. Victims may also pursue claims through civil suit.1: This covers the extradition of criminals or figitives from: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, Iraq, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, El Salvador, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, Germany, Sweden. There also exist mutual assistance agreements with all the ASEAN countries and several INTERPOL member countries. 2: This is a special extradition treaty with Malaysia and Singapore.bH+DH# CANCanadaProcedural ProvisionsElectronic surveillanceYes.w@ '@-VJ>:# CANCanadaProcedural ProvisionsSearch and SeizureYes.>@'@-QE95# d2CANCanadaSubstantial ProvisionsSentencingYes.A@'@,J>2.$ d(CANCanadaSubstantial ProvisionsMoney-LaunderingYes.Criminal Code, 462.31 (1)'@,i]84$ dCANCanadaSubstantial ProvisionsConfiscation and Provisional MeasuresYes.@'@+eYMI$ dCANCanadaSubstantial ProvisionsParticipation in a Criminal OrganizationYes.Criminal Code, 467.1 (1).@+uPL$ d CANCanadaSubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeYes.(@'@*OC73$ ,FBRUBrunei DarussalamOther ProvisionsGeneral statements and observations on Organized Crime made by the Government@*vvv)? ,<BRUBrunei DarussalamOther ProvisionsSpecific Governmental Institutions and Administrative Structures recently createdYes+@'@(}z) ,2BRUBrunei DarussalamOther ProvisionsImmigration controlYesImmigration Act, Chapter 17P@(rf?<) ,(BRUBrunei DarussalamOther ProvisionsBorder control of Proceeds of CrimeNoNNNL) ,BRUBrunei DarussalamOther ProvisionsReporting of Suspicious TransactionsNox@ &[OOM) ,BRUBrunei DarussalamOther ProvisionsBank secrecyYes9@'@&PD85) , BRUBrunei DarussalamOther ProvisionsVictim compensationYes*@'@(WK?<) FBRUBrunei DarussalamProcedural ProvisionsInternational cooperation in criminal matters (extradition, mutual assistance, transfer of proceedings, transfer of prisoners) pursuant to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements or on the basis of national legislationYes0@';@(0$.MLVAL?[H1: "Criminal organization" refers to any group, association or other body consisting of five or more persons, whether formally or informally organized, (a) having as one of its primary activities the commission of an indictable offence under this or any other Act of Parliament for which the maximum punishment is imprisonment for five years or more, and (b) any or all of the members of which engage in or have, within the preceding five years, engaged in the commission of a series of such offences. "Criminal organization offence" means (a) an offence under section 467.1 or an indictable offence under this or any other Act of Parliament committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a criminal organization for which the mximum punishment is imprisonment for five years or more, or (b) a conspiracy or an attempt to commit, being an accessory after the fact that in relation to, an offence referred to in paragraph (a). 2: The notion of "conspiracy" is also provided by the Criminal code and can be resorted to in the case of organized crime. The participation is define in the following articles: 465.(3),(4),(5) et 466.(1). See also 425.c) Articles 74 and 75 deal with "piracy"; article 76 and 77 deal with hijackingBrunei Darussalam is free from any organized crime activities. Most of the criminal offences occurring in Brunei Darussalam are committed by individuals or groups of individuals who do not belong to any specific group. The only criminal activity which seems to be well organized in the country is the illegal four-digit gambling activity. However, most of the persons arrested by the police in connection with this activity have shown that they are operating on their own backed by main operators in neighbouring countries. At present Brunei is showing little sign of money-laundering activity. This is perhaps due to the the small size of the population and that any such activity can be easily detected.jLVAL&xqg+1: (1) Subject to this section and sections 462.39 to 462.31, where an offender is convicted, or discharged under section 730, of an enterprise crime offence and the court imposing sentence on the offender, on application of the Attorney General, is satisfied that any property is considered the proceeds of crime and that the enterprise crime offence was committed in relation to that property, the court shall order that the property be forfeited to Her Majesty to be disposed of as the Attorney General directs or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the law. 2: (2) Where the evidence does not establish to the satisfaction of the court that the enterprise crime offence of which the offender is convicted, or discharged under section 730, was committed in relation to property in respect of which an order of forfeiture would otherwise be made under subsection (1) but the court is satisfied, beyound a reasonable doubt, that that property is proceeds of crime, the court may make an order of forfeiture under subsection (1) in relation to that property. In several cases, particularily when seizure is impossible, the Law (same article, par. (3) and (4)) provides for fine or imprisonment.Every one who (a) participates in or substantially contributes to the activities of a criminal organization knowing that any or all of the members of the organization engage in or have, within the preceding five years, engaged in the commission of a series of indictable offences under this or any other Act of Parliament for each of which the maximum punishment is imprisonment for five years or more, and (b) is a party to the commission of an indictable offence for the benefit of, at the direction of or in association with the criminal organization for which the maximum punishment is imprisonment for five years or more; is guilty of an indictable offence and liable for imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years.LVAL9H+D"Illicit association" is defined as an organization with criminal aims, the offence being punishable simply by virtue of the fact of such association.1: Sentences to be served consecutively. A sentence is imposed on a person for an offence under subsection (1) shall be served consecutively to any other punishment imposed on the person for an offence arising out of the same event or series of events and to any other sentence to which the person is subject at the time the sentence is imposed on the person for an offence under subsection (1) 2: Punishment of money-laundering. Every one who commits an offence under subsection (1), article 462.31, (a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years; or (2) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary correction. 3: The possession of, any explosive substance for the benefit of, at the direction of or in association with a criminal organization is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years. 4: General principles of sentencing. 5: On drug selling.Laundering of the proceeds of crime. An offence is committed when one uses, transfers the possession of, sends or delivers to any person or place, transports, transmits, alters, disposes of or otherwise deals with, in any manner and by any means, any property or any proceeds of any property with intent to conceal or convert that property or those proceeds, knowing or believing that all or a part of that property or of those proceeds was obtained or derived directly or indirectly as a result of (a) the commission in Canada of an enterprise crime offence or a designated substance offence; or (b) an act or omission anywhere that, if it had occurred in Canada, would have constituted an enterprise crime offence or a designated substance offence. Article 462.3 defines the notion of "proceeds of crime."LVAL"jNumerous legislative bills have been submitted which seek the inclusion of such a reporting obligation in the relevant legislation.To be used by a judge in criminal proceedings for inquiries on drug trafficking.The law provides for wire-tapping and mail surveillance, but only for inquiries on drug trafficking.These articles of Part IV (Invasion of Privacy) define the procedures and limits of electronic surveillance (and in particular of interception and recording of communications).The specific articles related to organized crime significantly facilitate the use of these methods of investigation in the case of criminal organizations (other investigative procedures are not to be tried before they been proven successful; the urgency of the matter is not important; reauthorization of electronic surveillance is easier).Subject to subsection (3), where a judge, on application of the Attorney General, is satsfied by information on oath in Form 1 that there are reasonable grounds to believe that there is in any building, receptacle or place, within the province in which the judge has jurisdiction or any other province, any property in respect of which an order of forfeiture may be made under subsection 462.37(1) or 462.38(2), in respect of an enterprise crime offence alleged to have been committed within the province in which the judge has jurisdiction, the judge may issue a warrant authorizating a person named therein or a peace officer to search the building, receptacle or place for that property and to seize that property and any other property in respect of which that person or peace officer believes, on reasonable grounds, that an order of forfeiture may be made under that subsection. See also - inter alia - articles: 101, 102, 192, 489, 490, 490.1, 490.2. On search warrant: see 199, 487.\1HJ d <CHIChileProcedural ProvisionsWitness protectionYes Law 19.366@2YM74"  2CHIChileProcedural ProvisionsImmunityYes, but not explicitlyE@'@2YMA*"  (CHIChileProcedural ProvisionsUndercover informationYes Law 19366\@2\P;8"  CHIChileProcedural ProvisionsControlled deliveriesYes. Law 19366P@-\P;7"  CHIChileProcedural ProvisionsElectronic surveillanceYes Law 19.366d@-^R<9"  CHIChileProcedural ProvisionsSearch and SeizureYesCode of Criminal Procedure@1i]74"  d2CHIChileSubstantial ProvisionsSentencingYesS@'@1H<0-#  d(CHIChileSubstantial ProvisionsMoney-LaunderingYes2@'@0NB63#  dCHIChileSubstantial ProvisionsConfiscation and Provisional MeasuresYes@'@0cWKH#  dCHIChileSubstantial ProvisionsParticipation in a Criminal OrganizationYes, but the legislation does not refer to the precise term "organized crime."@ 'l@/K#  d CHIChileSubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeYes Criminal Code@,ZN52#  ,CANCanadaOther ProvisionsBank secrecyYes.1@ ''@/F:.* , CANCanadaOther ProvisionsVictim compensationYes.'@ '@(MA51 FCANCanadaProcedural ProvisionsInternational cooperation in criminal matters (extradition, mutual assistance, transfer of proceedings, transfer of prisoners) pursuant to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements or on the basis of national legislationYes.@ ' #LVALm"This provides for controlled transport and delivery of crime objects.This established provisions on aliens in Chile, noting that "it is the responsibility of the Criminal Investigation Police to monitor the entry and exit of aliens and compliance with the obligations imposed upon such persons by this Decree Law.""Controls of this kind are carried out through the police forces and customs service."1: The law refers to "illicit association," which is a structured and with illegal activities as the goal. The fact of being organized and threatening the social order is considered an offence. 2: Both in the Penal Code and in the Law 18314, the very fact of making an illicit association is criminalized. 3: Such offences are liable to extradition, both into and out of Chile, even in the absence of a relevant treaty. 4: Persons who organize themselves as private militias, combat groups or militarily organized parties, armed with any of the items subject to control under this Law, shall be liable to punishment.The Attorney General may, for the purposes of an investigation in relation to (a) a designated substance offence, (b) an offence against section 354 or 462.31 where the offence is alleged to have been comitted in relation to any property, thing or proceeds obtained or derived directly or indirectly as a result of (i) the commission in Canada of a designated substance offence, or (ii) an act or omission anywhere that, if it had occurred in Canada, would have constituted a designated substance offence, or (c) an offence against section 467.1 or a conspiracy or an attempt to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or any counselling in relation to, such an offence, make an application in accordance with subsection (2) for an order for disclosure of information under subsection (3).LVAL\This provides for the use of undercover investigators, mock purchase and mock ransom, as long as these operations do not represent crime instigation or entrapment.1: "Any person who, in the knowledge that specific property, securities, money, profit, advantage or benefit have been obtained through or derived from the commission, in Chile or abroad, of acts constituting any of the serious offences under this Law, participates or cooperates in their use, exploitation or application shall be punished by long-term rigorous imprisonment and to a fine." 2: Following the start of criminal proceedings in regard to offences covered by Article 12, the court shall adopt all measures necessary to avoid the use, exploitation, deriving of benefit from or application of any kind of property, securities or money derived from the preceeding offences.1: The penalty of confiscation may not be imposed, without prejudice to confiscation in the cases established by law; however, this penalty shall be considered appropriate in regard to illicit associations. 2: Any punishment imposed for a serious or ordinary offence shall be punishable by loss of the assets derived from the offence and of the objects used for its commission. (Article 31) 3: During criminal proceedings, the judge shall order the collection and safe-keeping of all instruments and arms which appear to have been used or to have been intended for use in the commission of the offense and of proceeds derived from such offense, whether they are in the possession of the accused or of another person. (Article 114) 4: This lists the various things and categories of things liable to confiscation in drug-related offences. 5: The relevant judgment shall provide for the confiscation of property subject to control under the Law, such property being required to be turned over to military arsenals.LVAL}"It will be possible to analyse the data on organized crime cases which were judged on the basis of the new Criminal Law after the annual report of the National Office for Statistics of the Republic of Croatia for 1998 (at the end of March 1999)."The application of these regulations lies in the field of the Interior Ministry.A property right application (re: damages, recovery of objects or anulment of legal deed) made due to an offence is decided on by the Criminal Court.There is stipulated prior to judicial proceedings an investigation process conducted by the State Defence Council, which, with due authorization by the Court of Appeals, is empowered to decree the following preliminary measures: 1) preventing the exit from the country of persons strongly suspected of being involved in money-laundering offences; 2) freezing securities, bank accounts, and other property, as well as prohibiting certain conracts or deeds; 3) seizing the evidence needed to investigate offences; 4) requesting the production of evidence or financial documents, which banks and other entities are obligated to produce. In order to carry out such measures, the forces of law and order are vested with entry and seizure powers, where necessary.1: There is a gradation in sentencing: leaders are more heavily sentenced than other members. Sentence is increased by two levels (grados) for the chiefs and by one level for the participants and collaborators. 2: Drug trafficking and Money Laundering are punished by incarceration (between five and fifteen years) plus a fine of 200-1,000 monthly tax units. Article 22 provides for heavy sentences (five to fifteen years) to those individuals who associate or organize with the intent of committing offences that are punished by this law. 3: Three months to five years for organization of or membership in a private militia or combat group.jLVAL)|HThe penal law provides for the offence of criminal conspiracy (asociacion para delinquir) which is defined as an association of two or three person intended to commit crime.The judge may refuse to allow knowledge of the preliminary proceedings until the conclusion thereof if he considers that to do so may jeopardize the safety of undercover agents, informants, witnesses, experts, and, in general, any persons who have effectively cooperated in the investigation of the case. Witnesses are also covered by all the protective measures indicated earlier for informants, undercover agents and persons providing effective cooperation.1 and 2: The legislation makes provision for what is called an "effective cooperation" (cooperacion eficaz). In this respect, the sentence can be reduced up to two levels (grados) for those that have: succeeded in avoiding or reducing the consequences of the cime under consideration; given information that is useful in avoiding or anticipating other terrorist acts, identifying or arresting the responsible persons for such acts.Only for inquiries on drug trafficking. "Undercover agent" is defined as a police officer who, authorized by his superiors, conceals his official identity and infiltrates or penetrates criminal organizations by pretending to belong to them or to be involved in the commission of the offence under investigation, for the purpose of identifying the participants or obtaining proof to serve as the basis for criminal proceedings. An "informant" is a person who supplies evidence to the police authorities concerning the preparations for, or commission of, an offence, or a person who, without intending to commit the offence participates as if he were an undercover agent. All necessary measures shall be adopted for the protection of such persons, and all statements and evidence from informants shall be kept confidential (to the judge and any higher court).LVAL mG!$1: Chapter XXX and XXXI of the Criminal Action Law 34/93, and further applied in Article 504 of the Criminal Action Law 110/97 2: Bilateral agreements 3: Various international conventions (including UN Conventions on Drugs and Psychotropic Substances)Article 168 of the Criminal Action LawArticle 180 of the Criminal Action LawArticle 180 of the Criminal Action LawArticles 180-86 of the Criminal Action Law1: Article 279 of the Criminal Action Law 2: Money Laundering Act 69/97 3: Convention on Laundering, Investigation, Temporary Seizure and Seizure of Income Acquired through an Offence, MU 14/971: Article 80 of the Criminal Action Law 2: Article 82 3: Related articlesArticle 89 of the Criminal Action Law 110/971: Co-Operation Convention for the Fight Against Terrorism, Organized Crime and Illicit Drug Trafficking 2: Co-Operation Agreement for the Fight against Illicit Drug Trafficking and Crime 3: Co-Operation Agreement for the Fight against Terrorism, Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking 4: Extradition Treaty 5: Extradition and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Treaty 6: Co-Operation Convention for the Fight against Terrorism, Organized Crime and Illicit Drug Trafficking 7: Extradition Treaty and Judicial Assistance in Penal Matters 8: Extradition Treaty 9: Agreement on Prevention, Fiscalization, and Repression of Illicit drug and Psychotropic Substances Trafficking and Special Chemical Substances, 1996 10: Co-Operation Convention for the Fight Against International Terrorism, International Organized Crime Activities and Illicit Drug and Psychotropic Substances Trafficking and Radioactive Substances Trafficking 11: Convention on Mutual Assistance in Combating Illicit Drug and Psychotropic Substances (1996) 12: Agreement of Cooperation to Eradicate the Production, Processing, Trafficking and Consumption of Illicit Drugs on the Chilean territory and territorial waters (1995) 13: Memorandum of Agreement for the International Fiscalization of Drugs (1994)LVALCParticipation in a criminal association (a group of three persons or more) is a generic (valid for all offences) aggravating circumstance. In Cuba, there exist special tribunals designed to judge offences related to international organized crime.The Code permits the seizure of the proceeds of an offence. The Government is considering expanding the law to allow for the seizure of the criminal's property.Created by law 19.212 of 1993. The Ministry of the Interior is responsible for the centralization and computerization of information related to public order and public security maintenance. It also produces preventive studies in the field of civil security, in order to foster prevention and render more efficient the use of police forces and the scope of policies.1: Banks shall maintain in strict secrecy the movements of current accounts and their balances, but courts of law may order the disclosure of particular parts of current accounts in civil and criminal proceedings against the drawer. 2: This allows law enforcement agencies to obtain financial information.1: In criminal proceedings it is also admissible to bring civil suits desgined to redress the civil effects of the punishable act, such as those aimed at securing restoration or compensation. 2: A person who has committed an offence causing injury to another person shall be obliged to provide compensation. Any person who derives benefit from another's wilful act shall be obliged to provide compensation only up to an amount equivalent to the benefit derived.1: Austria (1996) and Romania 2: Israel 3: Italy 4: Australia 5: Spain 6: Austria (1996) and Romania 7: Nicaragua 8: Republic of Korea 9: Costa Rica 10: Czech Republic 11: United Kingdom and Ireland 12: Chile, Argentina, Peru and PNUFID (UN Program For the International Fiscalization of Drugs) 13: Unites States of AmericatGDZs4] (CROCroatiaProcedural ProvisionsUndercover informationYes&@3@0UI=:$ CROCroatiaProcedural ProvisionsControlled deliveriesYes&@3E@/TH<9$ CROCroatiaProcedural ProvisionsElectronic surveillanceYes*@3@7VJ>;$ CROCroatiaProcedural ProvisionsSearch and SeizureYesCriminal Action Law 110/97@7k_96$ d2CROCroatiaSubstantial ProvisionsSentencingYesClause 338 of the Criminal Code@7i]2/% d(CROCroatiaSubstantial ProvisionsMoney-LaunderingYes@3@7PD85% dCROCroatiaSubstantial ProvisionsConfiscation and Provisional MeasuresYesL@3@6eYMJ% dCROCroatiaSubstantial ProvisionsParticipation in a Criminal OrganizationYesCriminal Code, Chapter III @6vPM% d CROCroatiaSubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeYes,@3@6OC74% ,<CHIChileOther ProvisionsSpecific Governmental Institutions and Administrative Structures recently createdYes_@'m@4}qn  ,2CHIChileOther ProvisionsImmigration controlYes%@'@/K?30  ,(CHIChileOther ProvisionsBorder control of Proceeds of CrimeYesV@/OCC@  ,CHIChileOther ProvisionsReporting of Suspicious TransactionsNo@-OCCA  ,CHIChileOther ProvisionsBank secrecyYesj@'2@4D8,)  , CHIChileOther ProvisionsVictim compensationYes,@'@4K?30  FCHIChileProcedural ProvisionsInternational cooperation in criminal matters (extradition, mutual assistance, transfer of proceedings, transfer of prisoners) pursuant to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements or on the basis of national legislationYes, but not specifically designed for organized crime@3O@4WK? " LVAL#+DHJ1: This conference has led to the creation a central repository for the convicts of offences related to illicit drug and psychotropic substances trafficking. 2: They concern extradition, judicial cooperation and the combatting of drug trafficking.1: This provides for the confiscation of an object intended for or used in the commission of an offence. 2: This provides for the seizure of the proceeds of an offence. A party suffering a loss as a result of the offence may make a claim for this confiscated property. 3: A special part of the Law states a number of offences for which compulsory seizure applies. There are also temporary seizure measures, to be used in the course of an ongoing investigation.In dealing with participation, the rule on the responsibility of organizers of a criminal association is left out, since all cases of participation in the implementation of a criminal offense are covered with the provision on complicity, instigation and assistance.A "group of people" is an association of not less than three persons linked permanently or temporarily for the purpose of committing offences, each of the persons giving his contribution to committing the offences. A "criminal organization" is an association of not less than three persons joinging together for the purpose of committing ofences. The activity of a criminal organization of a higher level is aimed also at attaining and maintaining control over some economic or other activities, using threats or violence to influence others to join them or submit to them. A criminal organization is characterized by extremely close links between members, the internal hierarchical structure, discipline and division of labor. A criminal organization is the basis for organized crime. The substantive Criminal Law provides a framework and possibility to legally deal with flexible types of organized crime and criminal organizations extending often beyond the borders of the parent state where they came into existence.LVALmDZIf the investigation of any offences might not be implemented in any other way or would be linked with unproportional difficulties, the judge may order measures of surveillance and technical recording of phone conversations, or equipment for technical telecommunication, surveillance and technical video recording, as well as secret pursuit and photographing of persons, in connection with which there are reasonable grounds for suspicion.Search and Seizure may be implemented in the course of the preliminary investigation procedure during the inspection of offences (Articles 177-79) and during urgent police investigations (Articles 184-86). During the course of the investigation, special provisions of the Criminal Action Law deal with the search of an apartment and search of a person (Articles 211-17) and regulate temporary seizure (Articles 217-21) and handling suspicious objects (Articles 222-24).For the act of associating for the purpose of committing a crime when someone organizes a group of people or in some other way links joint actions of three or more persons with the objective to commit a serious offence (punishable by five years' imprisonment), three months' to three years' imprisonment can be added onto the sentence. A member of a criminal organization disclosing the group's activities before committing an offence will not be punished.1: Money laundering involves someone in the banking, financial or other economic operations investing, taking over, exchanging or otherwise hiding the real source of the money/property he knows was acquired through a criminal offence, as well as someone procuring, possessing, or circulating such money/property. Prison terms range from six months to five years, with greater punishment for money laundering while part of a criminal organization, and leniency for those who uncover laundering offences.. 2: This established a Money Laundering Prevention Office, which processes data and implements security measures in cooperation with relevant authorities.3~ Et[^[ d DMIDominicaSubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeNo7775& FCUBCubaProcedural ProvisionsInternational cooperation in criminal matters (extradition, mutual assistance, transfer of proceedings, transfer of prisoners) pursuant to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements or on the basis of national legislationYesv@:@6# !  <CUBCubaProcedural ProvisionsWitness protectionNoN@;A553!  d2CUBCubaSubstantial ProvisionsSentencingYes@4;//,"  dCUBCubaSubstantial ProvisionsConfiscation and Provisional MeasuresYesThe Penal Code@4pdJG"  d CUBCubaSubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeNo, but another category exists.The Penal Code@2wkQ1"  ,FCROCroatiaOther ProvisionsGeneral statements and observations on Organized Crime made by the Government@1xlll? ,<CROCroatiaOther ProvisionsSpecific Governmental Institutions and Administrative Structures recently createdYes0@:]@;sp ,(CROCroatiaOther ProvisionsBorder control of Proceeds of CrimeYesn@:P@1]QEB ,CROCroatiaOther ProvisionsReporting of Suspicious TransactionsYesM@:@9^RFC ,CROCroatiaOther ProvisionsBank secrecyYesl@:@9F:.+ , CROCroatiaOther ProvisionsVictim compensationYes-@:@1MA52 FCROCroatiaProcedural ProvisionsInternational cooperation in criminal matters (extradition, mutual assistance, transfer of proceedings, transfer of prisoners) pursuant to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements or on the basis of national legislationYes@3@9& $ <CROCroatiaProcedural ProvisionsWitness protectionYes, very limited@9SGG6$ 2CROCroatiaProcedural ProvisionsImmunityYes, in the sense of diplomatic immunity; Unspecified otherwise&@3wwk,$1LVALOnCg1: The court may order a legal entity to temporarily suspend the implementation of a suspicious financial transaction. 2: This sets out the measures bank employees are obliged to undertake in order to detect money laundering. The Money Laundering Prevention Office may use the data obtained on the basis of this Act only for discovering and preventing money laundering or offences connected with it.1: Members of management and supervisory boards of banks, as well as employees, must keep the confidentiality of banking operations. This type of information may be released only at the written request of the court during legal proceedings. 2: Banks may refuse to disclose confidential information, a final decision on the necessity of this action shall be reached by a non-trial council of the county court.1: Based on these provisions, international criminal law assistance and extradition are possible without the existence of treaties. 2: Bilateral agreements on cooperation in criminal matters with: Austria 1982, Belgium 1971, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1996, Italy 1922, Bulgaria 1956, Czech and Slovak Republics 1964, France 1969, Greece 1959, Hungary 1968, Macedonia 1994, Germany 1971, Romania 1960, Slovenia 1994, Turkey 1973. Treaties on extradition: Austria 1982, France 1970, Netherlands 1986, Italy 1922, Slovenia 1994, USA 1901, Switzerland 1887, Turkey 1973, UK 1900. Bilateral agreements in the fight against terrorism, smuggling and drug abuse: Hungary 1993, Slovenia 1993, Italy 1993, Ukraine 1994, Albania 1994, Turkey 1996.The Croation criminal action laws do not provide for the possibility of witness protection in the same way as the Anglo-Saxon legal system. There are, however, methods of providing witness protection that are stated in police action regulations. Additionally, Article 239, Paragraph 5 of the Criminal Action Law states the possibility of questioning the witness without the parties being in the same room as the witness (by video).LVALg||X2 0 t1: The Central Office for Drug Control (OCLAD), established by Presidential Decree No. 001035/PR/MDNSI of 25 July 1991 2: Interministerial Drug Trafficking Control Committee (CILTD).Pending legislative bill on extradition and mutual legal assistance in connection with illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.1: Articles 193, 194 and 195 of the Penal Code 2: Article 71 3: Articles 105, 106, 107 and 108 4. Articles 143, 144, 146, 147 and 148Law No. 21/63 of 31 May 1963, amended by Law No. 19/93 of 27 August 19931: Reciprocity Law of 10 March 1927 2: Protocol with the Russian Interior Ministry1: Agreement with the Russian Federation (5 March 1993) 2: Agreement with the Russian Federation (11 March 1994)Special Money-Laundering Unit within the Interior MinistryArticles 4 and 6 of the Bank Secrecy Act of 19901: Article 44 of the Penal Act 2: Articles 19, 20 and 27 of the Banks and Trust Law of 1957 3: Articles 18 and 19 of the Illicit Profiting Law of 1975 4: United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic SubstancesLaw 182 (1960) Law 122 (1989), article 32/dSchedule of the Proceeds of Crime Act.Proceeds of Crime Act, Section 60(3)1: Proceeds of Crime Act, Part II and III. 2: Customs (Control and Management) Act, 1985, Chapter 69:01.Proceeds of Crime Act, section 621: Agreement of the Conference of the Ministers of Justice of the Hispano American countries. 2: Bilateral AgreementsCriminal Action Law and Criminal Proceedings Law1: State Border Surveillance Act 9/92 and 26/93 2: Movement and Stay of Foreigners Act 53/91, 22/92 and 26/931: Article 219 of the Criminal Action Law 2: Money Laundering Prevention Act1: Articles 45 and 46 of the Act on Banks and Savings Banks 46/97 2: Article 219 of the Criminal Action LawArticles 127-38 of Criminal Action Law 110/97LVALUz1: Cooperation of customs and law enforecemtn agencies in the prevention of crime. 2: Cooperation and mutual assitance in customs areas.Final agreements are at present under way for signature of new cooperation agreements in this domain with Australia, India, Hungary and other countries.1: It deals comprehensivrely with forfeiture and confiscation orders. In part II, sections 4 to 16 deal specifically with forfeiture orders while sections 17 to 23 deal with confiscation orders. Part III of the Act lays down the provisions designed to facilitate investigations and preservation of property liable to forfeiture and confiscation. Section 61 deals with possession of property derived from unlawful activity. Section 65 deals exclusively with forfeiture of cash while section 71 deals with external forfeiture and confiscation orders. 2: Sections 116 to 118 of the Customs Act also deal with forfeiture of goods, including detention, seizure and condemnation of goods, forfeiture of vessels used in connection with goods liable to forfeiture.This section makes it an indictable offence to be involved in Organized Fraud.It is considered unecessary to provide witnesses with particular protection, since the witnesses benefit from the general security provided to all the citizens. Nevertheless, recent legislative modifications have changed the Penal Code in a way that renders possible the extension of official protection to witnesses and their family.With related legislation, these laws will make conditions easier for the police, the public prosecutor and courts to combat and prevent activities by crime syndicates in a manner more efficient than on the basis of the former legislation. A longer time period is needs to become aware of all the strengths and weaknesses of the new legal solutions. *oLu d FINFinlandSubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeNo answer providedFFF4% ,FEGYEgyptOther ProvisionsGeneral statements and observations on Organized Crime made by the Government@>vjjj ? ,<EGYEgyptOther ProvisionsSpecific Governmental Institutions and Administrative Structures recently createdYes:@ :}}qn  ,EGYEgyptOther ProvisionsBank secrecyYes0@ :@>D8,)  FEGYEgyptProcedural ProvisionsInternational cooperation in criminal matters (extradition, mutual assistance, transfer of proceedings, transfer of prisoners) pursuant to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements or on the basis of national legislationNo@; "  d(EGYEgyptSubstantial ProvisionsMoney-LaunderingYes, but not specifically mentioning "money-laundering"@ :@>vj3#  dEGYEgyptSubstantial ProvisionsConfiscation and Provisional MeasuresNo, but legislation on drugs and narcotics control might apply.Law 182 (1960) Law 122 (1989)@=H#  dEGYEgyptSubstantial ProvisionsParticipation in a Criminal OrganizationNo, but legislation on drugs and narcotics control might apply.Law 122 (1989), article 32/d See above.ȲK#  d EGYEgyptSubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeNo, but legislation on drugs and narcotics control might apply.+@ :@=}q2#  d2DMIDominicaSubstantial ProvisionsSentencingYes. General legislation might apply to offences committed by organized crime.&@ :~0& d(DMIDominicaSubstantial ProvisionsMoney-LaunderingYes.$@:#@=RF:6& dDMIDominicaSubstantial ProvisionsConfiscation and Provisional MeasuresYesi@:@;fZNK& dDMIDominicaSubstantial ProvisionsParticipation in a Criminal OrganizationNo!@:N@;h\PN&LVAL0gt[^The Law is committed to minimize the economic power of narcotic criminals and deprive them of the proceeds of crime, through confiscation of land, funds and means of transportation used in the perpetration of narcotic crimes or derived from such crimes, and by the imposition of heavy fines of up to half a million Egyptian pounds. Egyptian legislation is in conformity with contemporary trends in the international community, with regard to the seizure and confiscation of equipment, property and proceeds used in or derived from the perpetration of illicit narcotics trafficking offences, as provided in the relevant international conventions (1961, 1971, 1988).The legislation at present is Law 182 of 1960 on narcotics control, regulation of their use and trafficking, amended by Law 122 of 1989, which is in conformity with the provisions of international conventions, the most recent of which is the 1988 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. It includes an expansion of criminalization and increased severity of penalities. The law introduces new offences, the most important of which is the crime of forming a gang - even abroad - or joining such a gang or participating in it, with the intent of supplying, trafficking or offering narcotics for consumption in Egypt (article 32/d).This section define participation in money laundering as follows: a person engages in money laundering if (a) the person engages directly or indirectly in a transaction that involves money or other property, i.e. proceeds of crime, or (b) the person receives, possesses, conceals, disposes of or brings into Dominica, any money or other property that is proceeds of crime and the person knows or ought reasonable to know, that the money or other property is derived, obtained or realised directly or indirectly from some form of unlawful activity.LVALIn Finland the Central Bureau of Investigation (Keskusrikospoliisi - KRP) is responsible for the practical coordination and prevention of organized transnational crime, together with other police units. The Central Bureau of Investigation has gathered for its own use information concerning organized crime with international aspects in Finland.The response of the Government of Egypt included the following remarks: "Organized crime gangs in their traditional form are unknown in Egypt. Crime in Egypt is mainly of an individual nature, or is in the form of gangs consisting of several members formed to commit a crime or crimes, who subsequently disperse. Egypt is not a narcotics-producing country, the production or manufacture of narcotics does not represent a problem of any sort. The phenomena of prostitution, trafficking in human parts, kidnapping of childrens, and other activities in which organized crime gangs are specialized do not exist in Egypt. In spite of this, Egypt's geographic location at the junction of three continents, exposes it to narcotics smuggling.These provisions stipulate the exchange of information between Egypt's Central Bank and other banking institutions. The Law reconciles secrecy and the requirements of criminal investigations by granting access under authorization by the Cairo Appeals Court.1: This stipulates a minimum two-year imprisonment for anyone who conceals stolen objects or those deriving from a crime. 2: This bans all banking activity not registered with the Egyptian Central Bank, as well as obliging banks to report monthly on their financial status, providing all needed data and information. 3: This penalizes anyone knowingly concealing illicit proceeds, as well as empowering courts to act against anyone involved in such an illicit act. 4: This was officially certified by the Egyptian government.& hU#H d GERGermanySubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeYes/@A%@BOC74% ,FGABGabonOther ProvisionsGeneral statements and observations on Organized Crime made by the Government@@vjjj ? ,<GABGabonOther ProvisionsSpecific Governmental Institutions and Administrative Structures recently createdYes.@:!@@~rn  FGABGabonProcedural ProvisionsInternational cooperation in criminal matters (extradition, mutual assistance, transfer of proceedings, transfer of prisoners) pursuant to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements or on the basis of national legislationYes.@: "  GABGabonProcedural ProvisionsSearch and SeizureYes.Law No. 35/61 of 5 June 1961.e@@ma84"  d2GABGabonSubstantial ProvisionsSentencingYes.b@@=11-#  dGABGabonSubstantial ProvisionsParticipation in a Criminal OrganizationYes.@:@@g[OK#  d GABGabonSubstantial ProvisionsOrganized CrimeYes.H@:@@NB62#  FFRAFranceProcedural ProvisionsInternational cooperation in criminal matters (extradition, mutual assistance, transfer of proceedings, transfer of prisoners) pursuant to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements or on the basis of national legislationYesS@:.@@% # ,FFINFinlandOther ProvisionsGeneral statements and observations on Organized Crime made by the Government^@@xlll? ,<FINFinlandOther ProvisionsSpecific Governmental Institutions and Administrative Structures recently createdNo Law Enforcement Agency recently created.Y@>p FFINFinlandProcedural ProvisionsInternatio