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X@ X@ Y@ Z [? \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f f g? g? h@ h@ i i j j k k l l m m n n o2@ o2@ p q r s t u v w? x@ y y z? z {@ | }TABLE A H  d(82$ 2N!TRW6&A4 - portrait3' 6&A4 - portrait3'T    &&&&&&&&"UK     UKUS.,  \8@8_Header A&BRegular documents57VV k aM(UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE ASymbol2  Symbol1#u##{۔# J M'UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE A!!E#Symbol2  !!E#Symbol1\8@8_Header A&BRegular documents:=VV k aM(UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE ASymbol2  Symbol1#u##{۔#(bܤ$0  0` (#(#2    .3  0 ` (#` (# J M'UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE A!!E#Symbol2  !!E#Symbol1\8@8_Header A&BRegular documentsBCVV(2vt$ w!TRW`6&A4 - portrait3'6&A43'T&E&     UKUS.,     aM(UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE Aގ  vSymbol2ޏ  ގ  vSymbol1ޏ7#u##{۔# J M'UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE A!!E#Symbol2  !!E#Symbol1(MA$g!x& e3q !?&'^) ./,15k78=9?@!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A#^did2 e  0  .3  #id^d x g!x& e3q !?&'^) ./,15k78=9?@!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A#^did( $ Figure  1  (2K$ 2N!TRW6&A4 - portrait3' 6&A4 - portrait3'T    &&&&&&&&"UK     UKUS.,  &:<&&&,&&:<     H<6789:' 37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)^6_Rturn (1)Paragraph spacing 1 3 3(2K$ 2N!TRW6&A4 - portrait3' 6&A4 - portrait3'T    &&&&&&&&"UK     UKUS.,  &:<&&&,&&:<     'dxd(O[$0 : 2 e  a  .3  0:#:# Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5@[A<< c(xR$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2 (  0  )3  0 (# (#(`$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2 (  a  )3  0h(#(#(NF$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2 (   )3  0h(#h(#( $0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2   0  )3  0(#(#({$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2   a  )3  0p(#(#`#unlogo.wpgWPCCC "pXXXX5198: ! ,, =y}vH794?7463 52 51 40403/2/2.1.1- 0-0~-`0,/~,x /~+< .~ . .~ -~ 8`<-~ -~` <<,  ,~ 0x<,  +~ pp+~  x0  +  +~ *~` p8*  *~ p)~ `@)~8 0)~0  ` )~@@  )~ (~ p(~` 0@? 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(  ?   q?   ?       ?   ?!33 ?!)~   (('?''&&?%%?%$$ # ?# ?# ? ? ???   ?  - -? ?- ~, `, ?, , , , ~+8+  ~+ ` ~.`  0+  *?  *!*!* "* #*3~)6)?3)3)3)?3)3)3)2(?2(2(2(?2~( @2~+@2(2~*J~@1(?1(1~*1~*`1~(@4~(01(1)1A0~A3A?0~A3~D 0A?0B0B1B1B1v)o?/w?7{?;}?=~~?>|~~?>|}?={?;w?7o?/_??????=9p?0 p?0 p?0 p?0 =9????UT**UTT**UTT**UTT**UTT**UTT**UTT*p p  GH"UUUUUUUUUwwg)=Jd|!0=O]q3BWex)=RPr&eferences...F&ile...)&Preferences...=&Play...JOL&E Play Settings...dF&ill Attributes...|Li&ne Attributes...&Text Attributes...Ob&ject...&Font...I&mport...E&xport...&Insert...&Delete...Cle&ar...&Layout...\1\2 34 2N!TRW6&A4 - portrait3' 6&A4 - portrait3'T    &&&&&&&&"UK     UKUS.,  '02X' 0    2   OHhbBhB&&&&#&&&&#&] &&&*H  &&]UNITED B NATIONS?&T'_dE_?_YIEz|2` F^@ H@E21O2& & & uu#&] & *H!#_  &&]#͋  _#_  ͋GeneralAssembly  ?&T'G_dEG_?#&] & _#%g\ % &&]#%% %%g\# W Distr.    Y v % a GENERAL%a  3 % b A/AC.254/5%bh/Add.1 a ~ % c 3December1998%c  ; ORIGINAL:% d %d#ENGLISH#&&%%g#%%&& AdHocCommitteeontheElaborationofa 9 ЀConventionagainstTransnationalOrganizedCrime   FirstsessionVienna,1929January1999#&&%%n#&&&&@!!b PROPOSALSANDCONTRIBUTIONSRECEIVEDFROMGOVERNMENTS  / @%bCONTENTS!!F#Page q 007!"02a0 0 I.  INTRODUCTION7!.I I U"U"I"2 %  0 II.  PROPOSALSANDCONTRIBUTIONSRECEIVEDFROM H  0   GOVERNMENTS7!.I I U"U"I"2 "   0   Japan7!.WWU"U"I"2 g "  0   Mexico7!.U"U"I"6  A!#  0   UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland7!.B!!H"19 !"$  0   UnitedStatesofAmerica7!.11'!!H"22 d""% -0207!"-@!b I.INTRODUCTION  %]&)  0 TheSecretaryGeneralhasthehonourtobringtotheattentionoftheAdHocCommitteethecommentsandproposalsofStatesthatrelatetothedraftinternationallegalinstrumentagainstillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials,whichwassubmittedbytheGovernmentofCanada.#&&&&e#-020-  +S,0  302&023 V&&@ b&&V II.PROPOSALSANDCONTRIBUTIONSRECEIVEDFROMGOVERNMENTS    @rr'b Japan   7#[Original:English]@h h b 2.CommentsontheCanadiandraftfirearmProtocol  %  1. 0 JapanappreciatestheeffortsoftheGovernmentofCanadaindraftingtheprotocolonfirearms.The   followingareJapanstentativecommentsonthatdraft.Thesecommentsare,asnotedabove,tentativeandtherewillthereforebeadditionalandmodifiedcommentsbasedupondiscussionstobeheldduringthemeetingsoftheUnitedNationsAdHocCommittee. 0 Overview    +&&XXXw&&+2. 0 Japanisgreatlyconcernedaboutillicittraffickinginandmanufacturingoffirearms,ammunitionandother   relatedmaterials.Thenecessityofregulationshouldberecognizedandstronglysupported.Asaresult,JapangreatlyappreciatestheCanadianinitiative.3. 0 ThemainconcernwithregardtothedraftProtocolisrelatedtothekindofactivitiesthatshouldbe 7. criminalized.Tosummarizethecommentsbelow,whetherthearticlestipulatesanobligationfortheStatePartytopunishtheconductasacrimeorstipulatesanobligationfortheStatePartytotakeappropriatemeasurestopreventtheconductshouldbeconsideredcarefully. 0 ArticleI  yp 4. 0 InrelationtotheConventionagainstTransnationalOrganizedCrime,itisnotclearwhatthephrase the -$ ConventionandtheProtocolshallbereadandinterpretedtogetherasonesingleinstrumentmeans(i.e.whetherallthetoolsstipulatedintheConventionshallbeappliedtotheconductcriminalizedintheProtocol,andthenatureoftherelationshipbetweentheProtocolandthescopeofConvention).Therefore,moredetailedexplanationofthiswillbeneeded.  0 ArticleII  I!@   0 5. 0 Generallyspeaking,thedefinitionsineachsubparagraphshouldbeclearlyoutlinedinordertoadjustthe "" wholestructureoftheProtocol.Therefore,furtherconsiderationisnecessary.Moreover,itneedstobestipulated,aftercarefuldiscussion,whichspecificpartsandcomponentsshouldbeincludedintheProtocol. Subparagraph(a)  e&\ & 6. 0 Themeaning,contentsandsignificanceofeachwordusedinthissectionshouldbeclarifiedinfuture ("( discussions. Subparagraph(b)  *$+ 7. 0 Thewords orsubstancesubstitutedforthemshouldbeadded,asstipulatedinsubparagraph(g)of [,R&- article1ofthe1988UnitedNationsConventionagainstIllicitTrafficinNarcoticDrugsandPsychotropicSubstances.  .(0  & h  Subparagraph(c)    8. 0 Inthissection, inaccordancewithitsdomesticlawsshouldbeadded.  'h ' & B Subparagraph(d) q h  /&&XXXw&&C/9. 0 Themeaning,contentsandsignificanceofeachwordusedinthissectionshouldbeclarifiedinfuture %  discussions.'Bq  &&&&Subparagraph(e)     #&&&&#10. 0 Thedefinitionof illicittraffickingshouldbeclarified.(Itsprovisions,withtheexceptionofimportand g^  export,areunclear.) &&&&Subparagraph(f)    #&&&&#11. 0 Themeaningof otherrelatedmaterialsshouldbeclarified.    0 Othercomments  ]T 12. 0 Thedefinitionof tracingshouldbestipulatedintheProtocol.(Forexample, thesystematictrackingof  firearmsfrommanufacturertopurchaser(and/orpossessor)forthepurposeofaidinglawenforcementofficialsinidentifyingsuspectsinvolvedincriminalviolations,establishingstolenstatusandprovingownership,intheUnitedNationsinternationalstudyonfirearmregulations.)  0 ArticleIII SJ  13. 0 AsmentionedintheUnitedStatescomments,aprovisionsuchasarticle2oftheOASConvention,namely,   prevent,combat,eradicate,exchangeofinformationandexperience,etc.,shouldbeadded. 0 ArticleIV   14. 0 Theword commerciallyshouldberemovedandaprovisionrelatedtoillicitmanufacturing I!@  correspondingto manufacturingshouldbeadded.15. 0 Themeaningofthephrase internationaltransactionsortransfersforpurposesofnationalsecurity,should ## bemoreclearlystipulated.Withregardtothephrase butnottointernationaltransactionsortransfersforpurposesofnationalsecurity,itisnotclearwhether forpurposesofnationalsecurityisrelatedto internationaltransactionsortransfersoronlyto transfers.Therefore,thispointshouldbeclarified.Ifitrelatesonlyto transfers,inordertoavoidambiguity,theUnitedStatescomment( itdoesnotapplytoStatetoStatetransactionsortotransactionsforthepurposesofnationalsecurity)ismoreappropriate.Thedistinctionbetween transactionsand transfersshouldalsobeclarified.16. 0 Generallyspeaking,militaryforcesstationedinforeigncountriesarenotunderthecontrolorjurisdiction *$+ oftherecipientStatedespitethefactthattheyareinactionintheterritoryoftherecipientStateParty.Therefore,theStatePartyshouldnotbeobligedtoimplementtheobligationsstipulatedintheProtocolconcerningforeignmilitaryforcesstationedintheStateParty.  .(/  0 &   ArticleV    17. 0 Theword unlawfullyshouldbeaddedbeforetheterm intentionally,asisstipulatedinparagraph1,  article2,oftheInternationalConventionfortheSuppressionofTerroristBombings,orinparagraph1,article3,oftheConventionfortheSuppressionofunlawfulActsagainsttheSafetyofMaritimeNavigation.' (18. 0 Toofferfundsandtransportationforillicitmanufacturingandtraffickingshouldbecriminalized. %    0 Paragraph1    19. 0 SeethecommentsintheoverviewandonarticleII.    0 ArticleVbis  A8  20. 0 ThereshouldbeaprovisionthatencouragesStatePartiestoreduceorexemptfrompenaltyinthecaseof   voluntarysurrendertotheauthoritiesforthecollectionofillicitfirearms.  0 ArticleVII  z 21. 0 Themeaningsof obligations, recordkeepingand informationshouldbeclarified. 7. 22. 0 ThereasonwhyeachStatePartyshouldmaintaininformationfor 10yearsisunclear.Theappropriate  retentionperiodshouldbeconsideredandagreedtopursuanttofuturediscussionsoftheProtocol.  0 ArticleIX,paragraph1 yp  0 ̜Subparagraph1(b)  -$ 23. 0 Theperiodformarkingofimportedfirearmsshouldbeclearlydefined.(Forinstance,theperiodduring  whichtheypassthroughcustomsorduringwhichtheyarelegallyobtainedbythefinalrecipient.)24. 0 Subparagraph1(b)shouldbewordedasNo.18oftheG8ActionPlan,whichreads unlessotherdisposal o f hasbeenofficiallyauthorizedandthesefirearmsandammunitionhavebeenmarkedorrecordedandtheirdisposalalsorecorded.  0 ArticleXI ##  25. 0 Tobeeffective,recognitionshouldbealsoimposedinthecaseofimportfrom,exporttoandtransit %% throughnonStateParties.Thiswouldreducedetourexports.  0 Paragraph2 ("(  26. 0 Transitshouldbeclearlydefined,becauseitisnotappropriatetoimposeobligationsontheStateParty )#* inthefollowingcases:aircraftmerelyflyingovertheterritoryoftheStateParty;ashipmakinginnocentpassagethroughterritorialwaters;aircraftintransitthroughanairportoftheStateParty;orashipintransitthroughtheseaportoftheStateParty.&   0 Paragraph4  .(/ 27. 0 Themeaningsof uponrequest, receiptand informshouldbeclearlystipulated.'.2 /)1 Ї28. 0 Whensettingupstructuresbasedonthisparagraph,fullconsiderationshouldbegiventotheprotection   ofprivacyandacivilservantsobligationtopreservesecrets,asprovidedforinrelateddomesticlaw.  0 ArticleXII   29. 0 Measurestoensurethesecurityoffirearmsimportedandsoonshouldbeclarified. K B   0 ArticleXIII    30. 0 Themeaningof controlsatpointsthroughwhichexportspassshouldbeclarified(forexample,doesit    meaninspectionatthecustomsofanairportorport?).& .  0 ArticleXV  A8  31. 0 Asinglepointofcontact,asprovidedforinthisarticle,shouldallowtheexchangeofinformation   alreadyestablishedamongtheexistingauthorities.  0 ArticleXVII   z 32. 0 Seethecommentsinparagraph28above. 7.   0 ArticleXVIII   33. 0 Thisarticleshouldappearasparagraph3ofarticleXVI.    0 Othercomments  SJ 34. 0 Obtainingthesupportandcooperationofmanufacturers,dealers,importers...(No.16oftheG8Action  Plan),and encouragingthepublicsupportandcooperation(No.17oftheG8ActionPlan)shouldbereferredtoatsomepointintheProtocol.'.Ai6  I!@  @CC&b Mexico   7#[Original:English] } &&*w ddd Xdd Xdd X##w,^!,^!+   q h CANADIANDRAFT ' " 'MEXICANPROPOSALS ' " '* 02 *Preamble '9 0" 'Preamble '9 0" '  (a)   Bearinginmindthatfreedomfromthefear    ofcrimeisfundamentaltointernationalcooperationandtothesustainabledevelopmentofStatesandthatinternationalillicittraffickinginandcriminalmisuseoffirearmshaveaharmfuleffectonthesecurityofeachStateandendangerthewellbeingofpeoplesandtheirsocialandeconomicdevelopment, '}t  '  Awareoftheurgentneedtoprevent,combat   anderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition,explosivesandotherrelatedmaterials,owingtotheharmfuleffectsoftheseactivitiesonthesecurityofeachStateandtheregionasawhole,endangeringthewell-beingofpeoples,theirsocialandeconomicdevelopmentandtheirrighttoliveinpeace, 'MD  '  (b)  Concernedbytheincrease,atthe   internationallevel,intheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsandbytheseriousproblemsresultingtherefrom, ' '  Concernedbytheincrease,attheinternational   level,intheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelated QH materialsandbytheseriousproblemsresultingtherefrom, +!! +  (c)  ReaffirmingthatStatesPartiesgivehigh UL" prioritytopreventing,combatinganderadicatingtheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsbecauseofthelinksofsuchactivitieswithdrugtrafficking,terrorism,transnationalorganizedcrimeandmercenaryandothercriminalactivities, 8.#5,("" 8М  ReaffirmingthatStatesPartiesgivehighpriority UL) topreventing,combatinganderadicatingtheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials , becauseofthelinksofsuchactivitieswithdrugtrafficking,terrorism,transnationalorganizedcrimeandmercenaryandothercriminalactivities, "5,/ " ! 5,/ !М  Concernedabouttheillicitmanufactureof 0 explosivesfromsubstancesandarticlesthatinandofthemselvesarenotexplosives"andthatarenotaddressedbythisConventionowingtotheirotherlawfuluses"foractivitiesrelatedtodrugtrafficking,terrorism,transnationalorganizedcrimeandmercenaryandothercriminalactivities, 'y#p6 '  (d)  ConsideringtheurgentneedforallStates, $7 МandespeciallythoseStatesthatproduce,exportandimportarms,totakethenecessarymeasurestoprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials, '("< 'М  ConsideringtheurgentneedforallStates,and $= especiallythoseStateswhichproduce,exportandimportarms,totakethenecessarymeasurestoprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives and ("A otherrelatedmaterials, '("B '  (e)  Convincedthatcombatingtheillicit Q*H$C manufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsrequiresinternationalcooperation,exchangeofinformation,andotherappropriatemeasuresatthenational,regionalandgloballevels, 'a.X(H 'М  Convincedthatcombatingtheillicit Q*H$I manufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials +%K requiresinternationalcooperation,exchangeofinformationandotherappropriatemeasuresatthenational,regionalandgloballevels, +!1/()O +&     (g)  Stressingthatthepromotionofharmonized md importandexportcontrolsoverthe licit international =4 movementoffirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials, inadditiontoasystemofproceduresfor  applyingthem ,isessentialtothepreventionofillicit    international trafficking, 8.#} t 8  Stressingthatthepromotionofharmonized md import,exportand intransit controlsoverthe =4 internationalmovementoffirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterialsisessentialtothe   preventionofillicittrafficking, "   " $    $   Stressingtheneed,inpeaceprocessesand    post-conflictsituations,toachieveeffectivecontroloffirearms,ammunition,explosivesandotherrelatedmaterialsinordertopreventtheirentryontotheillicitmarket, /%QH / $ QH  $  Mindfulofthepertinentresolutionsofthe   GeneralAssemblyonmeasurestoeradicatetheillicittransferofconventionalweaponsandontheneedforallStatestoguaranteetheirsecurity,' mzM 4*%  4  (f)  Recognizingtheimportanceof   strengtheningexistinginternationallawenforcementsupportmechanisms,suchastheweaponandexplosivetrackingsystemoftheInternationalCriminalPoliceOrganization,toprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials, 'i` 'М  Recognizingtheimportanceofstrengthening   existinginternationallawenforcementsupportmechanisms,suchastheweaponandexplosivetrackingsystemoftheInternationalCriminalPoliceOrganization,toprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives ,andotherrelatedmaterials, 'i`" '  (h)  RecognizingthatStateshavedeveloped # differentculturalandhistoricalusesforfirearms,andthatthepurposeofenhancinginternationalcooperationtoeradicateillicittransnationaltraffickinginfirearmsisnotintendedtodiscourageordiminishlawfulleisureorrecreationalactivitiessuchastravelortourismforsportshooting,huntingandotherformsoflawfulownershipanduseoffirearmsthatarerecognizedbytheStatesParties, 'M D+ '  RecognizingthatStateshavedevelopeddifferent , culturalandhistoricalusesforfirearms,andthatthepurposeofenhancinginternationalcooperationtoeradicateillicittransnationaltraffickinginfirearmsisnotintendedtodiscourageordiminishlawfulleisureorrecreationalactivitiessuchastravelortourismforsportshooting,huntingandotherformsoflawfulownershipanduseoffirearmsthatarerecognizedbytheStatesParties, 'M D4 '  (i)  RecallingthatStatesPartiestothepresent !5 Protocolhavetheirowndomesticlawsandregulationsonfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsandrecognizingthatthisProtocoldoesnotcommittheStatesPartiestoenactlegislationorregulationspertainingtofirearmownership,possessionortradeofawhollydomesticnatureandthattheStatesPartieswillapplythoselawsandregulationsinamannerconsistentwiththisProtocol, '1(("= '  RecallingthatStatesPartiestothepresent !> Protocolhavetheirowndomesticlawsandregulationsonfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials,andrecognizingthatthisProtocoldoesnotcommittheStatesPartiestoenactlegislationorregulationspertainingtofirearmownership,possessionortradeofawhollydomesticnature,andrecognizingthattheStatesPartieswillapplythoselawsandregulationsinamannerconsistentwiththisProtocol, * 1(("F * 7-)#G 7  Reaffirmingtheprinciplesofsovereignty,non )#H interventionandthejuridicalequalityofStates,  4*e*\$I 4& D  @C C d ArticleI 'md 'М@&&5]ArticleI * md *  ThisProtocolsupplementstheUnitedNationsConventionagainstTransnationalOrganizedCrime,doneat...(hereinafterreferredtoas theConvention),and,asregardstheStatesPartiestotheConventionandtotheProtocol,thosetwoinstrumentsshallbereadandinterpretedtogetherasonesingleinstrument. 7-  7  ThisProtocolsupplementstheUnitedNationsConventionagainstTransnationalOrganizedCrime,doneat...(hereinafterreferredtoas theConvention),and,asregardstheStatesPartiestotheConventionandtotheProtocol,thosetwoinstrumentsshallbereadandinterpretedtogetherasonesingleinstrument.'Dm1`ԛ 4*  4@& & d ArticleII E < @ d Definitions '  '  ArticleII E < Definitions ' ! 'd  ForthepurposeofthisProtocol,thefollowingdefinitionsshallapply: 'I@  '  ForthepurposesofthisProtocol,thefollowingdefinitionsshallapply: 'I@  '  (a)  Ammunition:thecompleteroundorits   components,includingcartridgecases,primers,propellantpowder,bulletsorprojectilesthatareusedinafirearm; +! +  (a)  Ammunition:thecompleteroundorits   components,includingcartridgecases,primers,propellantpowder,bulletsorprojectilesthatareusedinafirearm; ;1#  ;  (b)  Controlleddelivery:thetechniqueof x! allowingillicitorsuspectconsignmentsoffirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialstopassoutof,throughorintotheterritoryofoneormoreStateswiththeknowledgeandunderthesupervisionofthecompetentauthoritiesofthatStateorthoseStates,withaviewtoidentifyingpersonsinvolvedinthecommissionofoffencesreferredtoinarticleVofthisProtocol; /%) / ( ) (  (c)  Firearms:anybarrelledweaponthatwill e\* Мbeorisdesignedormaybereadilyconvertedtoexpelabulletorprojectilebytheactionofanexplosive,includinganyframeorreceiverofsuchabarrelledweaponbutnotincludinganyantiquefirearmmanufacturedbeforethetwentiethcenturyoritsreplicas; H>0E"<0  H  (b)  Firearms: /%e\1 / $ 1 $  (i)0  Anybarrelledweaponthatwillbeoris |s2 designedormaybereadilyconvertedtoexpelabulletorprojectilebytheactionofanexplosive,includinganyframeorreceiverofsuchabarrelledweaponbutnotincludinganyantiquefirearmmanufacturedbeforethetwentiethcenturyoritsreplicas; 9/)\$S8"" 9 $ \%S8 $  (ii)0  Anyotherweaponordestructivedevice %9 suchasanyexplosive,incendiaryorgasbomb,grenade,rocket,rocketlauncher,missile,missilesystemormine; A7)0('"<"" A  (d)  Illicitmanufacturing:themanufactureor )#= assemblyoffirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials: 7-4++%? 7  (c)  Illicitmanufacturing:themanufactureor )#@ assemblyoffirearms,ammunition, explosives and d*[$A otherrelatedmaterials: 7-4++%B 7! u!Ӝ   o(i)0  Fromcomponentsorpartsillicitly ,&C trafficked;or A7)h-_'D AМ  ,f(i)0  Fromcomponentsorpartsillicitly ,&E trafficked;or A7)h-_'F"" AМ   o(ii)0  Withoutalicencefromacompetent md governmentalauthorityoftheStateParty wherethemanufactureorassemblytakesplace;or A7) AМ  +f(ii)0  Withoutalicencefromacompetent md governmentalauthorityoftheStatePartywherethemanufactureorassemblytakesplace;or A7)"" AМ  kko(iii)0  Withoutmarkingthefirearmsatthetimeof A 8  Мmanufacturing; A7)   AМ  bb*f(iii)0  Withoutmarkingthefirearmsatthetimeof A 8  manufacturing; A7)  "" A'02u'  (e)  Illicittrafficking:theimport,export, u l  acquisition,sale,delivery,movementortransferoffirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsfromoracrosstheterritoryofoneStatePartytothatofanotherStateParty,ifanyoneoftheStatesPartiesconcerneddoesnotauthorizeit; 7-|  7  (d)  Illicittrafficking:theimport,export, u l acquisition,sale,delivery,movementortransferoffirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelated   materialsfromoracrosstheterritoryofoneStatePartytothatofanotherStateParty,ifanyoneoftheStatesPartiesconcerneddoesnotauthorizeit; ;1|  ;М  (f)  Otherrelatedmaterials:anycomponent,   partsorreplacementpartsofa firearmthatareessential   toitsoperation oraccessoriesthatcanbeattachedtoa   firearm andthatenhanceitslethality. H>0YP* H  (e)  Otherrelatedmaterials:anycomponent,   partsorreplacementpartsofafirearmoranaccessorythatcanbeattachedtoafirearm; /%  / $  $  (f)  Explosives:anysubstanceorarticle   thatismade,manufacturedorusedtoproduceanexplosion,detonationorpropulsiveorpyrotechniceffect,except: /%]T# / $ ]T#  $-C%E0-  ,f(i)0  Substancesandarticlesthatarenotin $ andofthemselvesexplosives;or 9/)%""  9 $ % $М  +f(ii)0  Substancesandarticleslistedinthe & annextothisProtocol. >4)'"" >@ d ArticleIII@@V V   ) ( @? ? d Purpose ') '  ArticleIII ) * Purpose .$+! .  ThepurposeofthisProtocolistopromoteandfacilitatecooperationamongStatesPartiestotheProtocolandtotheConventionwithrespecttotheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials. H>0"0:! H  ThepurposeofthisProtocolis: /%]T1 / $  |1 $  (a)  Toprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicit  2 manufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials; /%"4 / $ #4 $  (b)  Topromoteandfacilitatecooperation #5 andexchangeofinformationandexperienceamongStatesPartiestoprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition,explosivesandotherrelatedmaterials. 4*-'$!9 4&  @ d ArticleIV (": @ d Scope +!a)X#; + ;1#1*($>' ;  ThisProtocolappliestoallclassesof *$? commerciallytradedfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsbutnottointernationaltransactionsortransfersforpurposesofnationalsecurity. /%5-,'B /'(b% a*X$B % 8.#mdwwD% 8@5] ArticleIV md   ӀSovereignty "=4! " $ =4 $-CEC%-  1.  StatesPartiesshallfulfiltheobligations  underthisProtocolinamannerconsistentwiththeprinciplesofsovereignequalityandterritorialintegrityofStatesandthatofnoninterventioninthedomesticaffairsofotherStates. /%  / $   $  2.  AStatePartyshallnotundertakeinthe E <  territoryofanotherStatePartytheexerciseofjurisdictionandperformanceoffunctionsthatareexclusivelyreservedtotheauthoritiesofthatotherStatePartybyitsdomesticlaw. 4*|  4@* * d ArticleV   @9 9 d Criminalization '  '  ArticleV   Legislativemeasures *  ! *  1.  EachStatePartyshalladoptsuchnecessary  legislativeorothermeasuresasmaybenecessarytoestablishasoffencesunderitsdomesticlaw, when  committedintentionally : 7- 7  1.  StatesPartiesthathavenotdonesoshall  adoptthenecessarylegislativeorothermeasurestoestablishas criminal offencesundertheirdomestic  law: 7- 7  (a)  Illicittraffickinginfirearms,ammunition  andotherrelatedmaterials;and 7- 7  (a)  Illicittraffickinginfirearms,ammunition,  М explosives andotherrelatedmaterials; 7- 7  (b)  Illicitmanufacturingoffirearms, % ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials. 7- 7  (b)  Illicitmanufacturingoffirearms,ammuni %  tion, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials. 7-! 7  2.  Subjecttotheconstitutionalprinciplesand YP" basicconceptsofitslegalsystem,eachStatePartyshallalsoestablishasoffencesparticipationintheoffencesestablishedpursuanttotheforegoingparagraph,associationwithorconspiracytocommitsuchoffences,attemptstocommitsuchoffencesandaiding,abetting,facilitatingandcounsellingthecommissionofsuchoffences. 7- ") 7  2.  Subjecttotheconstitutionalprinciplesand YP* basicconceptsofitslegalsystem,eachStatePartyshallalsoestablishasoffencesparticipationintheoffencesestablishedpursuanttotheforegoingparagraph,associationwithorconspiracytocommitsuchoffences,attemptstocommitsuchoffencesandaiding,abetting,facilitatingandcounsellingthecommissionofsuchoffences. 4* "1 4@ d ArticleVI m#d2 @ d Jurisdiction '=$43 '  ArticleVI m#d4 ЀJurisdiction .$=$45! .  EachStatePartyshalladoptsuchmeasuresasmaybenecessarytoestablishitsjurisdiction,inaccordancewitharticle9oftheConvention,overtheoffencesithasestablishedpursuanttothisProtocol. H>0("9N* H   1 .  EachStatePartyshalladoptsuchmeasures %: asmaybenecessarytoestablishitsjurisdictionovertheoffencesithasestablished inaccordancewiththis A'8!< Protocolwhentheoffenceinquestioniscommittedinitsterritory. /%("> / $ )#> $  2.  EachStatePartymayadoptsuch E*<$? measuresasmaybenecessarytoestablishitsjurisdictionovertheoffencesithasestablishedinaccordancewiththisConventionwhentheoffenceiscommittedbyoneofitsnationalsorbyapersonwhohabituallyresidesinitsterritory. /%U.L(D / $   $  3.  EachStatePartyshalladoptsuch md  measuresasmaybenecessarytoestablishitsjurisdictionovertheoffencesithasestablishedinaccordancewiththisConventionwhentheallegedcriminalispresentinitsterritoryanditdoesnotextraditesuchpersontoanothercountryonthegroundofthenationalityoftheallegedcriminal. /%M D / $ M D $  4.  ThisProtocoldoesnotprecludethe   applicationofanyotherruleofcriminaljurisdictionestablishedbyaStatePartyunderitsdomesticlaw. 4*!  4@ d ArticleVII |  @ d Confiscationorforfeiture 'UL  '  ArticleVII |  Confiscationorforfeiture * UL ! *Ŝ  1.  StatesPartiesshallundertaketoconfiscate   orforfeitfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsthathavebeenillicitlymanufacturedortrafficked,inaccordancewitharticle7oftheConvention. 7- 7  1.  StatesPartiesshallundertaketoconfiscate   orforfeitfirearms,ammunition, explosives andother   relatedmaterialsthathavebeenillicitlymanufacturedortrafficked,inaccordancewitharticle7oftheConvention. 7- 7  2.  StatesPartiesshalladoptthenecessary ]T measurestoensurethatallfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsseized,confiscatedorforfeitedasaresultofillicitmanufacturingortraffickingdonotfallintothehandsofprivateindividualsorbusinessesthroughauction,saleorotherdisposal. 7-md 7  2.  StatesPartiesshalladoptthenecessary ]T  measurestoensurethatallfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterialsseized, " confiscatedorforfeitedasaresultofillicitmanufacturingortraffickingdonotfallintothehandsofprivateindividualsorbusinessesthroughauction,saleorotherdisposal. 4*=4& 4&  @ d ArticleVIII ' @8 8 d Recordkeeping 'qh( '  ArticleVIII ) Recordkeeping * qh*! *  1.  EachStatePartyshallmaintainfornotless + thantenyearstheinformationnecessarytotraceandidentifyillicitlymanufacturedandillicitlytraffickedfirearmstoenableittocomplywithitsobligations. 7-E"<. 7  1.  EachStatePartyshallmaintainfornotless / than five yearstheinformationnecessarytotraceand  0 identifyillicitlymanufacturedandillicitlytraffickedfirearmstoenableittocomplywithitsobligations underthisProtocol . 7-# 3 7  2.  Recordsshallbekeptforaperiodofnotless y$p4 thantenyearsafterthelasttransactioneffectedunderaparticularcertificate. StatePartiesshallidentifyto & 6 oneanothertheagenciesresponsibleforrecordkeeping. ;1'!8 ;  2.  StatePartiesshallidentifytooneanother y$p9 theagenciesresponsibleforrecordkeeping. H>0I%@:K' H  3.  StatesPartiesshallusetheirbesteffortsto )#; computerizetheirrecordsforthepurposesofenhancingoneanothersaccesstosuchinformation. /%*$= /' ) $ ("= $  ArticleIX@@   !,&> Markingoffirearms 4*,&?! 4.  ArticleIX !,&@ Markingoffirearms * ,&A! *Ȫ  1.  Forthepurposesofidentifyingandtracing U.L(B firearms,StatesPartiesshall: 7-%/)C 7  1.  Forthepurposesofidentificationand U.L(D tracingofthefirearms referredtoinsubpara %/)E graph(b)(i)ofarticleII StatesPartiesshall: 7-/)F 7  (a)  Require,atthetimeofmanufactureofeach md firearm,theappropriatemarkingofthenameofitsmanufacturer,itsplaceofmanufactureanditsserialnumber; 7- 7  (a)  Require,atthetimeofmanufactureofeach md firearm,theappropriatemarkingofthenameofitsmanufacturer,itsplaceofmanufactureanditsserialnumber; 7- 7  (b)  Requireappropriatemarkingsoneach A 8  importedfirearmpermittingtheidentificationoftheimportersnameandaddress;and 7-   7  (b)  Requireappropriatemarkingsoneach A 8  importedfirearmpermittingtheidentificationoftheϜimportersnameandaddress;and 7-  7  (c)  Requiretheappropriatemarkingofany E < МfirearmconfiscatedorforfeitedpursuanttoarticleVIIofthisProtocolthatisretainedforofficialuse. 7- 7  (c)  Requiretheappropriatemarkingofany E < firearmconfiscatedorforfeitedpursuanttoarticleVIIofthisProtocolthatisretainedforofficialuse. 7- 7 7-I@  7  2.  Thefirearmsreferredtoinsub I@  paragraph(b)(i)ofarticleIIshouldbemarkedappropriatelyatthetimeofmanufacture,ifpossible. 7-  7  2.  StatesPartiesshallencouragethefirearm  manufacturingindustrytodevelopmeasuresagainsttheremovalofmarkings. 7- 7  3.  StatesPartiesshallencouragethefirearm  manufacturingindustrytodevelopmeasuresagainsttheremovalofmarkings. 4* 4М@* * d &   ArticleX  !  М@bbd  Preventingthereactivatingofdeactivatedfirearms  '! ' * !" *  StatesPartiesthathavenotalreadydonesoshall UL# considertakingthenecessarymeasurestopreventthereactivatingofdeactivatedfirearms,includingthroughcriminalization,ifappropriate. 4*& 4 'UL' ''!  &  ArticleXI ) ( @@ Generalrequirementsforexport,importand@@%% transitlicensingorauthorizationsystems '*! '  ArticleX ) + Generalrequirementsforexport,importandtransitlicensingorauthorizationsystems * -! *Ѹ  1.  StatesPartiesshallestablishandmaintainan - $. effectivesystemofexport,importandinternationaltransitlicensingorauthorizationfortransfersoffirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials. 7-"1 7  1.  StatesPartiesshallestablishandmaintainan - $2 effectivesystemofexport,importandinternationaltransitlicensingorauthorizationfortransfersoffirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelated "5 materials. 7-m#d6 7  2.  StatesPartiesshallnotpermitthetransitof $7 firearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsuntilthereceivingStatesPartiesissuethecorrespondinglicencesorauthorizations. 7-A'8!: 7  2.  StatesPartiesshallnotpermitthetransitof $; firearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelated %< materialsuntilthereceivingStatesPartiesissuethecorrespondinglicencesorauthorizations. 7-A'8!> 7  3.  StatesParties,beforereleasingshipmentsof ("? firearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsforexport,shallensurethattheimportingandtransitStateshaveissuedthenecessarylicencesorauthorizations. 7-+%C 7  3.  StatesParties,beforereleasingshipmentsof ("D firearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelated u)l#E materialsforexport,shallensurethattheimportingandtransitStateshaveissuedthenecessarylicencesorauthorizations. 7-+%H 7  4.  TheimportingStatePartyshallinformthe I-@'I exportingStateParty,uponrequest,ofthereceiptofdispatchedshipmentsoffirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials. 7-/)L 7')  4.  TheimportingStatePartyshallinformthe I-@'M exportingStateParty,uponrequest,ofthereceiptofdispatchedshipmentsoffirearms,ammunition,  .(O explosives andotherrelatedmaterials.4*/)P 4  ArticleXII md @@( (  Securitymeasures '=4! 'b  ArticleXI md Securitymeasures * =4! *  StatesParties,inanefforttoeliminatelossordiversionoffirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials,shallundertaketoadoptthenecessarymeasurestoensurethesecurityoffirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsimportedinto,exportedfromorintransitthroughtheirrespectiveterritories. 7- x  7  StatesParties,inanefforttoeliminatelossordiversionoffirearms,ammunition, explosives and q h  otherrelatedmaterials,shallundertaketoadoptthenecessarymeasurestoensurethesecurityoffirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials   importedinto,exportedfromorintransitthroughtheirrespectiveterritories. 4* x 4@ d ArticleXIII    Strengtheningofcontrolsatpointsthroughwhichexportspass '| ! '  ArticleXII  Strengtheningofcontrolsatpointsthroughwhichexportspass * | ! *o  EachStatePartyshalladoptsuchmeasuresasmaybenecessarytodetectandpreventillicittraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsbetweenitsterritoryandtheterritoriesofotherStatesParties,bystrengtheningcontrolsatpointsthroughwhichexportspass. 7- 7  EachStatePartyshalladoptsuchmeasuresasmaybenecessarytodetectandpreventillicittraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives and  ! otherrelatedmaterialsbetweenitsterritoryandtheterritoriesofotherStatesParties,bystrengtheningcontrolsatpointsthroughwhichexportspass. 4*$ 4  ArticleXIV ]T% @@II Exchangeofinformation '-$&! '   ArticleXIII ]T' Exchangeofinformation * -$(! *  1.  Withoutprejudicetoarticles19and20of ) theConvention,StatesPartiesshallexchangeamongthemselves,inconformitywiththeirrespectivedomesticlawsandtreatiesapplicabletothem,relevantinformationonmatterssuchas: 7-- 7М  1.  Withoutprejudicetoarticles19and20of . theConvention,StatesPartiesshallexchangeamongthemselves,inconformitywiththeirrespectivedomesticlawsandtreatiesapplicabletothem,relevantinformationonmatterssuchas: 7-2  7  (a)  Authorizedproducers,dealers,importers, 5,3 exportersand,wheneverpossible,carriersoffirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials; 7-5   7  (a)  Authorizedproducers,dealers,importers, 5,6 exportersand,wheneverpossible,carriersoffirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials; 7-8  7  (b)  Themeansofconcealmentusedintheillicit 9!09 manufacturingofortraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials;andwaysofdetectingsuchillicitmanufacturingortrafficking; 7-#< 7  (b)  Themeansofconcealmentusedintheillicit 9!0= manufacturingofortraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials; "? andwaysofdetectingsuchillicitmanufacturingortrafficking; 7-y$pA 7  (c)  Routescustomarilyusedbycriminal %B organizationsengagedinillicittraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials; 7-}'t!D 7  (c)  Routescustomarilyusedbycriminal %E organizationsengagedinillicittraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials; 7-}'t!G 7  (d)  Legislativeexperiences,practicesand ("H measuresrelatedtopreventing,combatinganderadicatingtheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials;and 7-!,&L 7  (d)  Legislativeexperiences,practicesand ("M measuresrelatedtopreventing,combatinganderadicatingtheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelated Q+H%P materials;and 7-!,&Q 7  (e)  Techniques,practicesandlegislation -|'R developedtocombatmoneylaunderingrelatedtotheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials. 7-/)U 7  (e)  Techniques,practicesandlegislation -|'V developedtocombatmoneylaunderingrelatedtotheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials. 7-/)Y 7  2.  StatesPartiesshallprovidetoorsharewith md eachother,asappropriate,relevantscientificandtechnologicalinformationusefultolawenforcementϜauthoritiesinordertoenhanceoneanothersabilitytoprevent,detectandinvestigatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsandprosecutethoseinvolvedinthoseillicitactivities. 7-  7-CE&C-  2.  StatesPartiesshallprovidetoandshare md  witheachother,asappropriate,relevantscientificandtechnologicalinformationusefultolawenforcementauthoritiesinordertoenhanceoneanothersabilitytoprevent,detectandinvestigatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives  } t andotherrelatedmaterialsandprosecutethoseinvolvedinthoseillicitactivities. 7-  7  3.  StatesPartiesshallcooperateinthetracing  x Мoffirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterialsthatmayhavebeenillicitlymanufacturedortrafficked.Suchcooperationshallincludetheprovisionofpromptandaccurateresponsestorequestsforassistanceintracingsuchfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials. 7-aX  7  3.  StatesPartiesshallcooperateinthetracing  x offirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelated QH materialsthatmayhavebeenillicitlymanufacturedortrafficked.Suchcooperationshallincludetheprovisionofpromptandaccurateresponsestorequestsforassistanceintracingsuchfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials. 4*aX  4  ArticleXV   Cooperation ' ! '  ArticleXIV  ! Cooperation * "! *  1.  StatesPartiesshallcooperateatthebilateral, # regionalandinternationallevelstoprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials. 7-90' 7  1.  StatesPartiesshallcooperateatthebilateral, ( regionalandinternationallevelstoprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelated i`+ materials. ;190, ;  2.  StatesPartiesshallidentifyanationalbody - orasinglepointofcontacttoactasliaisonbetweenStatesParties onmattersrelatingtothisProtocol . H>0=4/`4 H  2.  StatesPartiesshallidentifyanationalbody 0 orasinglepointofcontacttoactasliaisonbetweenStatesParties forthepurposesofcooperationand =42 informationexchange . /% 3 / $  3 $  3.  StatesPartiesshallseekthesupportand qh4 cooperationofmanufacturers,dealers,importers,exportersandcommercialcarriersoffirearms,ammunition,explosivesandotherrelatedmaterialstopreventanddetecttheforegoingillegalactivities. 8.!8  8 8.## 9 Z 8  ArticleXV # : Establishmentofafocalpoint "#;! " $ $; $  1.  Inordertoattaintheobjectivesofthis I%@< Protocol,theStatesPartiesshallestablishafocalpointwithintheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsresponsiblefor: /%'!? / $ ("? $  (a)  Promotingtheexchangeofinformation )#@ providedforunderthisProtocol; /%)#A / $ *$A $  (b)  Facilitatingtheexchangeofinformation Q+H%B ondomesticlegislationandadministrativeproceduresoftheStatesParties,includingrelevantinternationalinstrumentsoragreementsonmattersrelatedtothisProtocol; /%.(F / $   $  (c)  Encouragingcooperationbetween md  nationalliaisonauthoritiestodetectsuspectedillicitexportsandimportsoffirearms,ammunition,explosivesandotherrelatedmaterials; /% / $   $  (d)  Promotingtrainingandexchangeof A 8 knowledgeandexperienceamongStatesPartiesandtechnicalassistancebetweenStatesPartiesandrelevantinternationalorganizations,aswellasresearchonmattersrelatedtothisProtocol; /% x  / $ x  $  (e)  RequestingfromnonpartyStates,when   appropriate,informationontheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition,explosivesandotherrelatedmaterials; /%UL  / $ UL  $  (f)  Promotingmeasurestofacilitatethe   applicationofthisProtocol; /%  / $  $  (g)  Establishingamechanismtomonitor  compliancewithSecurityCouncilembargoesonarmstransfers; /% / $  $  (h)  Establishingadatabaseforconsultation  amongStatesPartiesonillicitmanufactureofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition,explosivesandotherrelatedmaterials,includingthoseseized,confiscatedorforfeited; /%1( / $ 1( $  (i)  Disseminatinginformationtothegeneral  publiconmattersrelatedtothisProtocol; /%e\ / $ e\ $  (j)  Coordinatinginternationaleffortsto  combattheillicitmanufactureofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition,explosivesandotherrelatedmaterials,inparticularamongrelevantinternationalorganizations. 4* " 4  ArticleXVI m#d @@ Exchangeofexperiencesandtraining '=$4 ! '  ArticleXVI m#d! Exchangeofexperienceandtraining * =$4"! *  1.  StatesPartiesshallcooperateinformulating %# programmesfortheexchangeofexperiencesandtrainingamongcompetentofficialsandshallprovideeachotherassistancetofacilitateaccesstoequipmentortechnologyproventobeeffectiveineffortstoimplementthisProtocol. 7-)#( 7  1.  StatesPartiesshallcooperateinformulating %) programmesfortheexchangeofexperienceandtrainingamongcompetentofficialsandshallprovideeachotherassistancetofacilitateaccesstoequipmentortechnologyproventobeeffectiveineffortstoimplementthisProtocol. 7-)#. 7  2.  StatesPartiesshallcooperatewitheach md otherandwithcompetentinternationalorganizations,asappropriate,toensurethatthereisadequatetrainingofpersonnelintheirterritoriestoprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials.Thesubjectscoveredinsuchtrainingshallincludethe following: 7-  7  2.  StatesPartiesshallcooperatewitheach md  otherandwithcompetentinternationalorganizations,asappropriate,toensurethatthereisadequatetrainingofpersonnelintheirterritoriestoprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelated } t materials.Thesubjectscoveredinsuchtrainingshallincludethefollowing: 7-  7  (a)  Identificationandtracingoffirearms,  x ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials; 7-QH 7  (a)  Identificationandtracingoffirearms,  x ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials; 7-QH 7%    (b)  Gatheringofintelligence,especially   concerningtheidentificationofpersonsengagedintheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials,themethodsofshipmentusedandthemeansofconcealmentused;and 7-  7  (b)  Gatheringofintelligence,especially   concerningtheidentificationofpersonsengagedintheillicitmanufacturingandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials,the %  methodsofshipmentusedandmeansofconcealmentused;and 7-  7  (c)  Improvementoftheefficiencyofpersonnel )   responsibleforsearchingforanddetecting,atconventionalandnonconventionalpointsofentryandexit,illicitlytraffickedfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials. 7-i`$ 7  (c)  Improvementoftheefficiencyofpersonnel ) % responsibleforsearchingforanddetecting,atconventionalandnonconventionalpointsofentryandexit,illicitlytraffickedfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials. 4*i`) 4ArticleXVII * Confidentiality '+" 'ArticleXVII , Confidentiality * -" *  Subjecttotheobligationsimposedbyitsconstitutionoranyinternationalagreements,eachStatePartyshallguaranteetheconfidentialityofanyinformationthatitreceives,fromanotherStateParty, qh1  includingproprietaryinformationpertainingto A82 commercialtransactions ,ifrequestedtodosobythe  3 StatePartyprovidingtheinformation.Ifforlegalreasonssuchconfidentialitycannotbemaintained,theStatePartythatprovidedtheinformationshallbenotifiedpriortoitsdisclosure. 7-Q#H7 7  Subjecttotheobligationsimposedbyitsconstitutionoranyinternationalagreements,eachStatePartyshallguaranteetheconfidentialityofanyinformationthatitreceivesfromanotherStateParty,ifrequestedtodosobytheStatePartyprovidingtheinformation.Ifforlegalreasonssuchconfidentialitycannotbemaintained,theStatePartythatprovidedtheinformationshallbenotifiedpriortoitsdisclosure. 4*!? 4ArticleXVIII  $@  @@ Technicalassistance '%|A" 'ArticleXVIII  $B  @@09Technicalassistance * %|C" *  StatesPartiesshallcooperatewitheachotherandwithrelevantinternationalorganizations,asappropriate,sothatStatesPartiesmayreceive,uponrequest,thetechnicalassistancenecessarytoenhancetheirabilitytoprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunitionandotherrelatedmaterials,includingtechnicalassistanceinthosemattersidentifiedinarticle18oftheConvention. 7-i-`'L 7  StatesPartiesshallcooperatewitheachotherandwithrelevantinternationalorganizations,asappropriate,sothatStatesPartiesmayreceive,uponrequest,thetechnicalassistancenecessarytoenhancetheirabilitytoprevent,combatanderadicatetheillicitmanufacturingofandtraffickinginfirearms,ammunition, explosives andotherrelatedmaterials, +%S includingtechnicalassistanceinthosemattersidentifiedinarticle18oftheConvention.4*i-`'U 4 'md '  ArticleXX md Mutuallegalassistance * =4! * 7- 7  [Discussionofthisarticleshouldbedeferredat  Мpresent.TheumbrellaConventionwillprobablycontainanarticleconcerningthisgeneralsubjectϜmatter.Whennegotiationsofthoseprovisionshaveadvancedfurther,itwillbepossibletodeterminewhetherprovision,uniquetofirearmtrafficking,mustbeinsertedintotheProtocolorwhetherthemoregeneralprovisionsoftheumbrellaConventionwillsuffice.] 4*!  4 '|  '  ArticleXXI |  Extradition * UL ! *i 7-  7  [Discussionofthisarticleshouldbedeferredat   present.TheumbrellaConventionwillprobablycontainanarticleconcerningthisgeneralsubjectmatter.Whennegotiationsofthoseprovisionshaveadvancedfurther,itwillbepossibletodeterminewhetherprovision,uniquetofirearmtrafficking,mustbeinsertedintotheProtocolorwhetherthemoregeneralprovisionsoftheumbrellaConventionwillsuffice.] 4*90 4 ' '  ArticleXXII  Reservations * md! *- 7- 7  StatesPartiesmay,atthetimeofadoption,  signatureorratification,makereservationstothisProtocol,providedthatsaidreservationsarenotincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposesoftheProtocolortheConventionandthattheyconcernoneormorespecificprovisionsthereof. 4* $ 4 'E"<% '  ArticleXXIII E"<& Denunciation * # '! *q 7-y$p(